--- title: "Enforcement & Extraterritorial Reach across all jurisdictions — Gambling Regulatory Intelligence · Advennt" canonical: https://advennt.io/themes/enforcement-extraterritorial/ source_html: /themes/enforcement/index.html description: "Advennt regulatory intelligence — Enforcement & Extraterritorial Reach rolled up across 121 jurisdictions. Each claim traces to its country page." generated_at: 2026-10-27T01:29:53Z content_sha256: f6e9a01978d1f44cd3c9e98c23db8add790ea557e15b696861d538f167898e66 generator: "fe-fleet/md-twin@1.0" --- # Enforcement & Extraterritorial Reach across all jurisdictions — Gambling Regulatory Intelligence · Advennt ` landed in the SECOND track while the first stayed empty, and the whole index rendered inside 1fr of a 1140px box with a dead 210px gutter. That is the "one column" the operator saw. Fixed with a modifier on the index only, so detail pages keep 210px 1fr. */ .layout--single{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);max-width:var(--chrome-maxw,1600px)} /* Prose still needs a readable measure -- full width is for the CARD GRID, not for a 1600px line of text. */ .layout--single .lead{max-width:84ch} .tx-index{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(260px,1fr));gap:14px;margin-top:16px} .tx-card{border:1px solid var(--line,#e5e7eb);border-radius:12px;padding:18px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink-1,#111);background:var(--surface,#fff)} .tx-card:hover{border-color:var(--accent,#b45309)} .tx-card h3{margin:0 0 6px} .tx-card .tx-def{font-size:13px;color:var(--ink-2,#374151)} .tx-card .tx-stat{font-size:12px;color:var(--accent,#b45309);margin-top:10px;font-weight:600} /* T3 typography rebase (session arti-17fcf3a5) — theme-scoped, cascades last. The shared engine CSS hardcodes -apple-system on body and declares --ui/--read without ever loading the faces, so Satoshi silently fell back. fonts.css + typography.css are now linked in (fonts.css supplies the self-hosted @font-face rules); this rule makes the page consume the token it already declares. Deliberately NOT changed in the engine renderer: build_jurisdiction_page_v3.py also builds the ~105 JID pages, so a body-font change there is a full-reflow decision, not a theme fix. */ body{font-family:var(--ui)} [Skip to content](#app) # Enforcement & Extraterritorial Reach Enforcement powers and events, criminal exposure, extraterritorial reach, penalties and litigation. Flags 334 Jurisdictions 121 Read order Theme-major 29 further jurisdictions with flags in this theme are in expert review and not shown until published. ## Cross-jurisdiction posture cluster 334 flags across 121 jurisdictions. Posture mass: Rules 137 · Risks 151 · Reality 46. [🇨🇳 China (Mainland) 10 ⚠](/jurisdictions/china/)[🇲🇾 Malaysia 9 ⚠](/jurisdictions/malaysia/)[🇪🇬 Egypt 7 ⚠](/jurisdictions/egypt/)[🇮🇩 Indonesia 7 ⚠](/jurisdictions/indonesia/)[🇯🇵 Japan 7 ⚠](/jurisdictions/japan/)[Alberta — Canada (province) 6 ⚠](/jurisdictions/alberta/) ## Worked examples Each links back to the full jurisdiction page — the theme view is a projection of those country ledgers. [🇨🇳 China (Mainland) →](/jurisdictions/china/) Organising PRC citizens for overseas gambling Specifically criminalised by Amendment XI; up to 10 years 10 enforcement & extraterritorial reach flags on this jurisdiction · see full country page [🇲🇾 Malaysia →](/jurisdictions/malaysia/) Court of Appeal confirmed online gambling under CGHA (Oct 2023) Removes the earlier 'grey-area' interpretive defence for online operators. 9 enforcement & extraterritorial reach flags on this jurisdiction · see full country page [🇪🇬 Egypt →](/jurisdictions/egypt/) Offering gambling to Egyptian residents Penal Code Arts. 271/352 criminalise gambling; fines, imprisonment, asset forfeiture. 7 enforcement & extraterritorial reach flags on this jurisdiction · see full country page ## Rules · Risks · Reality across the cohort Lens · which facet of each jurisdiction’s flags: All Rules Risks Reality Showing all facets. [Alberta — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/alberta/) Critical Missing July 13 / October 13 transition deadline Results in permanent disqualification with no future pathway into the Alberta market. [Alberta — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/alberta/) Critical Continuing grey-market activity post-go-live All unregulated activity must stop by the go-live date regardless of extension. [🇩🇿 Algeria](/jurisdictions/algeria/) Critical Penal Code Arts 165–169 criminalise operating gambling Operators and agents face fines and imprisonment. [🇧🇩 Bangladesh](/jurisdictions/bangladesh/) Critical Cyber Security Ordinance 2025 s.20 criminalises online gambling operation/promotion Up to 2 years' imprisonment and/or BDT 10m fine. [🇧🇪 Belgium](/jurisdictions/belgium/) Critical Criminal prosecution risk Unlicensed operation is a criminal offence. [🇰🇭 Cambodia](/jurisdictions/cambodia/) Critical Serving Chinese players China-Cambodia joint enforcement, deportations and extraditions. [🇰🇭 Cambodia](/jurisdictions/cambodia/) Critical Association with scam-compound operators Prince Group / Chen Zhi precedent — extradition and liquidation. [🇨🇳 China (Mainland)](/jurisdictions/china/) Critical Organising PRC citizens for overseas gambling Specifically criminalised by Amendment XI; up to 10 years SRC-CN-005 [🇨🇳 China (Mainland)](/jurisdictions/china/) Critical Operating an online gambling website reachable from China Treated as 'opening a gambling house' under 2005 SPC/SPP Interpretation SRC-CN-006 [🇨🇳 China (Mainland)](/jurisdictions/china/) Critical Personnel located in Cambodia/Myanmar gambling hubs Repatriation operations returned thousands in 2024-2025 SRC-CN-003 SRC-CN-010 [🇨🇳 China (Mainland)](/jurisdictions/china/) Critical Life-imprisonment exposure for mafia-style organisation Yu organisation sentenced to life imprisonment SRC-CN-002 [🇨🇷 Costa Rica](/jurisdictions/costa-rica/) Critical Section 311 contagion FinCEN can sever correspondent access for classes of gambling transactions. [🇭🇷 Croatia](/jurisdictions/croatia/) Critical Criminal liability up to 8 years Severe sanctions for unlicensed operation. [🇪🇬 Egypt](/jurisdictions/egypt/) Critical Offering gambling to Egyptian residents Penal Code Arts. 271/352 criminalise gambling; fines, imprisonment, asset forfeiture. [🇪🇬 Egypt](/jurisdictions/egypt/) Critical Web administrator operating a gambling site reaching Egypt Cybercrime Law Art. 27 imposes imprisonment ≥2 years and EGP 100,000–300,000 fines. [🇩🇪 Germany](/jurisdictions/germany/) Critical §284 StGB criminal exposure Unlawful organisation of gambling is criminal. [🇬🇷 Greece](/jurisdictions/greece/) Critical 2026 decree: 10-yr prison, EUR 100k fines Severe criminal exposure for unlicensed activity. [🇭🇰 Hong Kong SAR](/jurisdictions/hong-kong/) Critical Offshore operator accepting bets from HK Criminal offence under Cap. 148 ss.7-8 regardless of operator location [🇭🇰 Hong Kong SAR](/jurisdictions/hong-kong/) Critical Operating bookmaking at scale HK$5m fine + up to 7 years imprisonment; immediate custody likely [Illinois — State](/jurisdictions/illinois/) Critical Criminal liability under 720 ILCS 5/28-1 Unlicensed internet gambling is a criminal offence in Illinois. [🇮🇩 Indonesia](/jurisdictions/indonesia/) Critical Criminal Code Art. 426 organising offence (replacing KUHP Art. 303, in force since 2 January 2026) Up to 10 years' imprisonment for operating gambling. [🇮🇩 Indonesia](/jurisdictions/indonesia/) Critical Asset forfeiture and 10-year business bans Operators face forfeiture and licensure bans. [🇮🇪 Ireland](/jurisdictions/ireland/) Critical Criminal exposure for offences (up to 5 years imprisonment) Breaches by licensed bodies can carry custodial sentences. [🇵🇰 Islamic Republic of Pakistan](/jurisdictions/pakistan/) Critical Reliance on a future legalisation pathway Article 37(g) and Islamic injunctions make liberalisation highly unlikely. [🇯🇵 Japan](/jurisdictions/japan/) Critical Foreign licence assumed to protect operator Isle of Man-licensed operator personnel were arrested in Japan; home licence affords no defence. [🇯🇵 Japan](/jurisdictions/japan/) Critical Operating a payment-collection intermediary for offshore gambling Operators collecting and paying out winnings to ~10,000 users were arrested in Sep 2024. [🇲🇾 Malaysia](/jurisdictions/malaysia/) Critical Court of Appeal confirmed online gambling under CGHA (Oct 2023) Removes the earlier 'grey-area' interpretive defence for online operators. [🇲🇾 Malaysia](/jurisdictions/malaysia/) Critical Dual civil + Syariah enforcement for ~60-70% Muslim population Majority of the addressable population faces dual penalties including caning. [Massachusetts — State](/jurisdictions/massachusetts/) Critical Operating unlicensed in MA AG and MGC actively pursue unlicensed operators (Kalshi suit). [🇲🇽 Mexico](/jurisdictions/mexico/) Critical Organised-crime overlay in land-based sector UIF account freezes; severe reputational and AML risk. [Montana](/jurisdictions/montana/) Critical SB 555 felony-level criminal penalties for unlicensed internet/sweepstakes gambling Converts what was a civil/regulatory grey area into direct felony criminal exposure for operators and potentially individuals. [🇲🇲 Myanmar](/jurisdictions/myanmar/) Critical Home-regulator exposure (UKGC/MGA/MAS) Zero-tolerance expectation for Myanmar-origin flows. [🇳🇵 Nepal](/jurisdictions/nepal/) Critical Betting app/website accessible in Nepal NTA ordered all such sites blocked in March 2026. [🇳🇵 Nepal](/jurisdictions/nepal/) Critical Facilitating online gambling transactions Up to 7 years' imprisonment, 3x-value fines, asset confiscation. [New Mexico (USA)](/jurisdictions/new-mexico/) Critical Active federal preemption litigation (CFTC v. New Mexico) against state gambling-law enforcement Could nullify NM's ability to enforce its Gaming Control Act against a growing category of unlicensed sports-wagering-adjacent products [🇳🇿 New Zealand](/jurisdictions/new-zealand/) Critical AML/CFT programme deficiencies for casino operators DIA secured a NZ$4.16m penalty and casino closure against SkyCity. [Oklahoma](/jurisdictions/oklahoma/) Critical SB 1589 extends felony criminal liability to affiliates, payment processors, and geolocation providers once effective Nov 1, 2026 Third-party service providers face direct criminal exposure, not just operators [🇰🇷 Republic of Korea (South Korea)](/jurisdictions/south-korea/) Critical Cross-border ring exposure Interpol Red Notices and asset seizure. [🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia](/jurisdictions/saudi-arabia/) Critical Operating or facilitating online gambling for Saudi users Criminal offence under Anti-Cyber Crime Law Art. 6 (up to 5y / SAR 3m). [🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia](/jurisdictions/saudi-arabia/) Critical Underground gambling-ring operation Multi-year imprisonment and massive fines for organisers. [🇷🇸 Serbia](/jurisdictions/serbia/) Critical Operating unlicensed venue Criminal liability up to 2 years; equipment seizure and raids. [🇻🇳 Socialist Republic of Vietnam](/jurisdictions/vietnam/) Critical Offering online gambling to VN nationals Art.322 organising gambling carries up to 10 years' imprisonment. [🇿🇦 South Africa](/jurisdictions/south-africa/) Critical Operating without a provincial licence Criminal offence; provincial confiscation precedents [South Dakota](/jurisdictions/south-dakota/) Critical Offering online/internet gambling to South Dakota residents SDCL 22-25A makes internet gambling business establishment/facilitation a felony with per-bet violation counting [🇪🇸 Spain](/jurisdictions/spain/) Critical Repeat unlicensed offending Repeat offenders faced penalties up to €10m in 2024. [🇹🇼 Taiwan](/jurisdictions/taiwan/) Critical Hosting gaming servers in Taiwan Server presence has been determinative in support-provider convictions. [Texas](/jurisdictions/texas/) Critical Operating unlicensed sports betting/casino product targeting TX residents Class A misdemeanor exposure under §47.04 for keeping a gambling place, plus federal Wire Act/UIGEA exposure [🇹🇹 Trinidad and Tobago](/jurisdictions/trinidad-and-tobago/) Critical Offering online/remote gambling to TT residents before the Remote Gambling Order 2026 is confirmed affirmed and the relevant Act provisions proclaimed s.76 criminalises remote gambling involving a 'prohibited territory'; the GCC FAQ states online betting is not contemplated in the Act, and the Order's affirmation is unverified from an official source. [🇹🇳 Tunisia](/jurisdictions/tunisia/) Critical 2026 bill proposes 1–5 yr prison + 500,000 TND fines Criminal exposure for operators, advertisers and facilitators if enacted [🇹🇷 Türkiye (Turkey)](/jurisdictions/turkey/) Critical Any facilitation of access from Turkey to an offshore-licensed betting site Carries 4-6 years' imprisonment exposure under Law 7258 Art. 5/1-b, irrespective of the operator's home licence validity. [🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates — federal jurisdiction (GCGRA framework)](/jurisdictions/united-arab-emirates/) Critical Operating gaming without a GCGRA licence Penal Code Articles 414-416 impose criminal liability — unrepealed despite June 2026 civil-code change. [🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates — federal jurisdiction (GCGRA framework)](/jurisdictions/united-arab-emirates/) Critical Promoting/facilitating unlicensed gambling (incl. affiliates) Promotion is criminalised under Article 416 and Law No. 5 of 2012. [🇬🇧 United Kingdom](/jurisdictions/united-kingdom/) Critical AML control gaps Record multi-million penalties imposed for AML failures. SRC-GB-004 SRC-GB-023 SRC-GB-024 [🇬🇧 United Kingdom](/jurisdictions/united-kingdom/) Critical Inadequate affordability/customer interaction Drove the £19.2m William Hill settlement. SRC-GB-004 [🇺🇸 United States (Federal Layer)](/jurisdictions/united-states/) Critical Serving US players from an offshore base DOJ pursues offshore operators (e.g. PokerStars $731M settlement). SRC-US-005 [Alabama](/jurisdictions/alabama/) High Active class-action litigation against sweepstakes-model operators Sweepstakes-model entry is not a safe harbor and is under active civil challenge in Alabama courts. [Alberta — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/alberta/) High CAM / independent audit not prepared AGLC requires a Control Activity Matrix supported by independent audit; elevated-risk entrants must submit before registration. [🇩🇿 Algeria](/jurisdictions/algeria/) High Civil Code Art 612 prohibits betting Reinforces prohibition beyond Penal Code. [🇩🇿 Algeria](/jurisdictions/algeria/) High Agent networks targeted by police Sudden market-access loss and criminal exposure for individuals. [🇩🇿 Algeria](/jurisdictions/algeria/) High Sophisticated enforcement strategy evolving Beyond blocking — crypto/VPN criminalisation targets infrastructure. [Arizona — State](/jurisdictions/arizona/) High Licence revocation/suspension ADG holds standard revocation powers. [Arizona — State](/jurisdictions/arizona/) High Self-exclusion violation State registry self-exclusion must be honoured. [Arkansas](/jurisdictions/arkansas/) High DFS operators offering player prop bets DFA has already issued cease-and-desist letters treating prop-bet products as unlicensed sports betting. [Asia-Pacific](/jurisdictions/asia-pacific/) High Serving Chinese nationals via offshore-licensed platforms PRC enforcement and PSP de-risking pressure can collapse banking rails for operators regardless of home licence [🇦🇺 Australia](/jurisdictions/australia/) High Operating unlicensed wagering to AU ACMA ISP blocking (1,178 sites blocked). [🇦🇺 Australia](/jurisdictions/australia/) High Affiliate promoting prohibited services IGA advertising offence; affiliate sites blocked. [🇦🇺 Australia](/jurisdictions/australia/) High Continuing to serve AU after withdrawal demand ~220 operators have exited under ACMA pressure. [🇦🇹 Austria](/jurisdictions/austria/) High OGH civil-nullity line enables player loss recovery Offshore operators face retroactive disgorgement of deposits. [🇦🇹 Austria](/jurisdictions/austria/) High §168 StGB criminal liability for organising/promoting Criminal exposure extends to affiliates and intermediaries. [🇧🇩 Bangladesh](/jurisdictions/bangladesh/) High NCSA-led multi-agency punitive enforcement Active, escalating prosecution posture against operators and agents. [🇧🇪 Belgium](/jurisdictions/belgium/) High Statutory blacklist + ISP blocking Offshore sites face systematic DNS blocking. [🇧🇪 Belgium](/jurisdictions/belgium/) High Rising fines on unlicensed operators Fines reach several hundred thousand euros. [🇧🇪 Belgium](/jurisdictions/belgium/) High AML designated entity Operators subject to 2017 AML Law obligations. [🇧🇷 Brazil](/jurisdictions/brazil/) High Active ISP/domain blocking Offshore access systematically interdicted. [British Columbia — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/british-columbia/) High Discounting criminal liability for unlicensed provision Federal Criminal Code underpins gambling offences. [British Columbia — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/british-columbia/) High Assuming acquisition marketing into BC is low-risk Government flagged aggressive illegal acquisition efforts entering BC. [🇧🇬 Bulgaria](/jurisdictions/bulgaria/) High Ignoring ISP block notices Domain takedown power present. [🇰🇭 Cambodia](/jurisdictions/cambodia/) High Interpol/extradition exposure Active cross-border enforcement channels. [🇨🇲 Cameroon](/jurisdictions/cameroon/) High Unlicensed online operation criminalised 6mo-2yr imprisonment and CFA 5-25m fine for operating without authorisation. [Canada — Ontario](/jurisdictions/ontario/) High Repeat or severe infractions AGCO may move straight to suspension/revocation for repeat/severe breaches. [🇨🇳 China (Mainland)](/jurisdictions/china/) High ASEAN-China cooperation exposure Joint operations and life-imprisonment penalties for organisers SRC-CN-008 [🇨🇳 China (Mainland)](/jurisdictions/china/) High Macao junket spillover SPC sentenced Macao-based ringleader (Wu) to 6 years for soliciting domestic residents SRC-CN-002 [🇨🇳 China (Mainland)](/jurisdictions/china/) High Interpol Red Notice / extradition exposure She Zhijiang-type proceedings demonstrate extradition risk SRC-CN-002 [🇨🇳 China (Mainland)](/jurisdictions/china/) High Recruiting Chinese nationals for marketing/operations offshore DC Group case — recruitment networks dismantled SRC-CN-003 [🇨🇳 China (Mainland)](/jurisdictions/china/) High POGO contraction residual risk PH POGO ban (EO 74) displaces operators serving CN demand SRC-CN-010 [Comoros — Anjouan](/jurisdictions/anjouan/) High Counterparty relies on a claimant domain as proof of good standing Claimant domains are excluded from T1/T2 tiering; no official Anjouan gaming instrument text has been located despite repeated search. [Connecticut — State](/jurisdictions/connecticut/) High Pick'em / prediction-market cease-and-desist DFS pick'em and event contracts treated as unauthorised wagering. [🇨🇷 Costa Rica](/jurisdictions/costa-rica/) High Serving CR domestic residents without permit Breach of the Decreto 29643 domestic-player restriction. [🇨🇷 Costa Rica](/jurisdictions/costa-rica/) High Targeting US players from CR US law, not CR law, creates exposure. [🇨🇷 Costa Rica](/jurisdictions/costa-rica/) High Underestimating Channel-B commercial-rail pressure Rising PSP/correspondent-bank interdiction is the live vector. [🇭🇷 Croatia](/jurisdictions/croatia/) High Active domain-blocking programme Grey-market entry not viable. [🇩🇴 Dominican Republic](/jurisdictions/dominican-republic/) High Proposed up-to-10-year imprisonment under DGJA bill Criminal exposure escalates if bill enacts. [🇪🇨 Ecuador](/jurisdictions/ecuador/) High Failure to register with SRI Triggers IP block (non-resident) or clausura (local). [🇪🇬 Egypt](/jurisdictions/egypt/) High Assuming weak enforcement Feb 2026 escalation with no-return blocking policy and minor-protection framing. [🇪🇬 Egypt](/jurisdictions/egypt/) High Hosting offshore but targeting Egypt Cybercrime Law Art. 3 asserts jurisdiction over non-Egyptians for acts also punishable abroad. [🇪🇬 Egypt](/jurisdictions/egypt/) High Dependence on grey-market continuity Enforcement is event-driven and escalating; access can be cut abruptly. [🇪🇪 Estonia](/jurisdictions/estonia/) High EMTA IP/DNS blocking power Unlicensed sites blocked; no grey-market tolerance. [🇪🇪 Estonia](/jurisdictions/estonia/) High Increased MLTFPA penalties (late 2023) AML breach exposure materially higher. [🇪🇺 European Economic Area](/jurisdictions/european-economic-area/) High Marketing or payment processing into a state-monopoly market (e.g., Poland online casino) Active ISP/payment blocking and some of Europe's harshest unlicensed-operator penalties apply SRC-EEA-007 [Florida](/jurisdictions/florida/) High Escalating criminal reclassification of unlicensed slot-style gambling to third-degree felony under pending HB 189 Materially raises criminal exposure for storefront and digital grey-market operators [🇫🇷 France](/jurisdictions/france/) High Repeat compliance breaches Agrément withdrawal risk. [Georgia (U.S. State)](/jurisdictions/georgia/) High GBI Commercial Gambling Unit routine raids on unlicensed COAM cash-payout locations Signals active criminal enforcement posture against unlicensed gaming machine operators statewide [🇩🇪 Germany](/jurisdictions/germany/) High Payment-block orders to PSPs GGL can order PSPs to cut off illegal gambling transactions. [🇩🇪 Germany](/jurisdictions/germany/) High AML fines up to €1m GwG §56 fines up to €1m or twice the benefit. [🇩🇪 Germany](/jurisdictions/germany/) High Civil chargeback/refund mass litigation Pre-licensing losses subject to player refund claims (BGH suspended pending CJEU). [🇬🇭 Ghana](/jurisdictions/ghana/) High Criminal penalties for unlicensed operation Fine ≥1,000 penalty units or imprisonment. [🇬🇷 Greece](/jurisdictions/greece/) High Mass site blocking (11,000 sites Dec 2025) Aggressive offshore interdiction. [🇬🇬 Guernsey](/jurisdictions/guernsey/) High Historical precedent of licence revocation following misrepresentation of financial integrity to the regulator (Full Tilt Poker, 2011) Demonstrates that AGCC will revoke licences decisively where an operator misleads the Commission about liquid funds or operational integrity, a materially relevant precedent for counterparty financial-diligence questions. [🇮🇸 Iceland](/jurisdictions/iceland/) High Criminal liability for unlicensed gambling operation Large-scale operation may attract prosecution. [Idaho](/jurisdictions/idaho/) High Any reform to legalise online casino/sports betting requires a constitutional amendment (2/3 legislature + voter referendum), not merely a statute. Dramatically raises time-to-market and political capital required versus statute-only states. [Illinois — State](/jurisdictions/illinois/) High 65 C&D orders Feb 2026 Active IGB+AG enforcement against unlicensed online casino/sweepstakes. [🇮🇩 Indonesia](/jurisdictions/indonesia/) High Criminal Code Art. 427 participation offence (replacing KUHP Art. 303 bis, in force since 2 January 2026) Players face up to 4 years' imprisonment. [🇮🇩 Indonesia](/jurisdictions/indonesia/) High Satgas Judi Online task force Coordinated multi-agency escalation. [🇮🇩 Indonesia](/jurisdictions/indonesia/) High Active convictions (Surabaya 2025) Demonstrated prosecution of online players. [🇮🇩 Indonesia](/jurisdictions/indonesia/) High Bareskrim cyber raids and fund freezes Police actively seize gambling proceeds. [🇮🇪 Ireland](/jurisdictions/ireland/) High Underestimating fine exposure Fines up to greater of 10% turnover or €20m. [🇵🇰 Islamic Republic of Pakistan](/jurisdictions/pakistan/) High Operating a website accessible in Pakistan PTA blocks gambling domains under PECA 2016 Section 37. [🇵🇰 Islamic Republic of Pakistan](/jurisdictions/pakistan/) High Keeping a common gaming-house PGA 1977 s.3 carries imprisonment and fine. [🇵🇰 Islamic Republic of Pakistan](/jurisdictions/pakistan/) High Local director/manager of a facilitation entity Individuals face criminal liability under PGA and PECA. [🇯🇵 Japan](/jurisdictions/japan/) High Failure to geo-block JP residents Conservatively constitutes 'presenting' a website under the amended Act; offshore operators must geo-block. [🇯🇵 Japan](/jurisdictions/japan/) High Individual JP residents using offshore casinos Users including celebrities and athletes have been referred to prosecutors; criminal liability applies to players. [🇯🇵 Japan](/jurisdictions/japan/) High Crypto-funded offshore gambling 57 individuals were referred to prosecutors for crypto-funded offshore gambling in Nov 2024. [🇯🇵 Japan](/jurisdictions/japan/) High Hub-jurisdiction licensee assuming insulation Japan reaches offshore operators via 'presenting' prohibition and card-scheme de-risking pressure. [🇯🇪 Jersey](/jurisdictions/jersey/) High Licence suspension via Notice of Direction (BetIndex/Football Index, 2021) Demonstrates the JGC will suspend a licensed remote operator's operations where conduct or solvency concerns arise. [🇰🇿 Kazakhstan](/jurisdictions/kazakhstan/) High Unlicensed offshore site accepting KZ players Subject to ISP and payment blocking. [🇰🇿 Kazakhstan](/jurisdictions/kazakhstan/) High Ignoring the 2024 internet-gambling ban amendments 2024 amendments reinforced criminal treatment of internet gambling. [🇰🇿 Kazakhstan](/jurisdictions/kazakhstan/) High Not connecting to UAS/BAC Connectivity is mandatory for licensed online betting. [Kentucky](/jurisdictions/kentucky/) High AG files civil suits against Kalshi, Polymarket, and VGW (2026-06-17) Signals active, current AG appetite to litigate against unlicensed gambling-adjacent platforms serving Kentucky residents. [🇰🇪 Kenya](/jurisdictions/kenya/) High 2019 mass licence suspension precedent Demonstrates regulator willingness to halt major operators. [🇱🇦 Laos](/jurisdictions/laos/) High Repeated 2024-2026 raids and suspension orders targeting online gambling/scam activity inside and around SEZs Indicates active, escalating criminal enforcement risk for any online-gambling-adjacent activity physically or commercially linked to Lao SEZs. [🇱🇹 Lithuania](/jurisdictions/lithuania/) High Systematic ISP/payment blocking; 1,800+ sites blocked Unlicensed entry is unviable; licensing is the only path. [🇱🇹 Lithuania](/jurisdictions/lithuania/) High Penalties for illegal gambling increased >10x Elevated criminal/administrative exposure. [🇲🇴 Macau SAR (Macau Special Administrative Region, China)](/jurisdictions/macau/) High Junket criminal crackdown Suncity collapse and imprisonment demonstrate punitive enforcement [🇲🇴 Macau SAR (Macau Special Administrative Region, China)](/jurisdictions/macau/) High Concessionaire joint liability for junkets Operators carry liability for intermediary conduct [🇲🇴 Macau SAR (Macau Special Administrative Region, China)](/jurisdictions/macau/) High PRC enforcement cooperation Cross-border exposure for diaspora-facing operators [Maine](/jurisdictions/maine/) High New statutory sweepstakes-casino ban with licence-revocation trigger for any licensee found operating such games Cross-contamination risk for operators with sweepstakes-model sister products in other states [🇲🇾 Malaysia](/jurisdictions/malaysia/) High Operasi Dadu: 42,937 raids / 59,815 arrests 2019-May 2025 Demonstrates sustained, high-volume criminal enforcement. [🇲🇹 Malta](/jurisdictions/malta/) High Article 56A EC infringement procedure May dilute cross-border value of MGA licence within EU. [🇲🇹 Malta](/jurisdictions/malta/) High AT/DE player-loss recovery claims Operators face cross-border refund litigation and EAPO asset-freeze risk. [🇲🇹 Malta](/jurisdictions/malta/) High Possible amendment/repeal of Article 56A Regulatory baseline could shift materially. [🇲🇭 Marshall Islands](/jurisdictions/marshall-islands/) High Operator or affiliate activity targeting MH-resident customers online The prohibition is read by evaluators to extend to online gambling; s.404 criminal and daily civil penalties attach regardless of the operator's own licensing status elsewhere. [Massachusetts — State](/jurisdictions/massachusetts/) High Directing patrons to offshore/prediction-market contracts via affiliate MGC prohibition extends to affiliates and related entities. [🇲🇽 Mexico](/jurisdictions/mexico/) High SAT site-blocking power introduced 2026 Offshore operators face access interdiction. [🇲🇽 Mexico](/jurisdictions/mexico/) High SCJN held 2023 reform conflicts with 1947 statute Legal instability; amparo-dependent operations. [Minnesota](/jurisdictions/minnesota/) High AG cease-and-desist orders issued November 2025 were not fully complied with by all named operators past the December 1, 2025 deadline. Signals escalation risk toward the pending felony-level sweepstakes/prediction-market bills (SF4474, SF4511). [Mississippi](/jurisdictions/mississippi/) High SB 2104 (2026) sought to explicitly criminalize online sweepstakes-casino products as illegal gambling devices with felony exposure. Sweepstakes-model operators face escalating criminal-law risk even though the bill did not fully pass in 2026. [🇲🇦 Morocco](/jurisdictions/morocco/) High ISP-blocking court orders against offshore brands Access can be cut off rapidly via DNS/IP blocking. [🇲🇦 Morocco](/jurisdictions/morocco/) High Criminal investigations into unlicensed promotion Individuals promoting unlicensed gambling face prosecution. [🇲🇦 Morocco](/jurisdictions/morocco/) High MDJS standing to sue intermediaries Monopoly holder actively litigates against grey-market enablers. [🇲🇲 Myanmar](/jurisdictions/myanmar/) High Reliance on collapsed domestic enforcement No predictable legal protection; episodic SAC action. [🇳🇵 Nepal](/jurisdictions/nepal/) High Mass-arrest operations against online operators Police seize equipment, passports, ATM cards. [Nevada — State](/jurisdictions/nevada/) High Operating sweepstakes casino Sweepstakes operators forced to exit by mid-2025; broad gambling definition applies. [Nevada — State](/jurisdictions/nevada/) High Offering prediction-market products NGCB treats prediction markets as sports wagering requiring full licensure. [Nevada — State](/jurisdictions/nevada/) High Offshore operator targeting NV residents SB 256 strengthened unlicensed-operator enforcement. [New Brunswick (Canada)](/jurisdictions/new-brunswick/) High Operating offshore site targeting NB residents Unauthorised under Criminal Code; ALC.ca is the only legal platform. [New Brunswick (Canada)](/jurisdictions/new-brunswick/) High Skipping supplier registration before contracting with ALC Registration mandatory under Gaming Control Act. [New Mexico (USA)](/jurisdictions/new-mexico/) High Tribal governments and the state AG are pursuing parallel but separately-filed litigation against the same defendant (Kalshi) Potential for conflicting judicial outcomes between tribal-federal and state proceedings [🇺🇸 New York — State](/jurisdictions/new-york/) High Criminal exposure for illegal betting/AML Facilitating illegal betting can lead to prosecution and imprisonment. [🇳🇿 New Zealand](/jurisdictions/new-zealand/) High Cross-border AML exposure (AUSTRAC parallel) SkyCity faced parallel AU$67m AUSTRAC penalty. [🇳🇬 Nigeria](/jurisdictions/nigeria/) High Appearing on LSLGA unlicensed operator list Prosecution and regularisation demand SRC-NG-003 [🇳🇬 Nigeria](/jurisdictions/nigeria/) High Targeting residents of Sharia-law northern states De facto prohibition and Hisbah enforcement SRC-NG-010 [🇳🇬 Nigeria](/jurisdictions/nigeria/) High Ignoring EFCC criminal referral exposure MLPPA 2022 criminal referral channel SRC-NG-001 [Ohio — State](/jurisdictions/ohio/) High Offering prediction-market sports-event contracts without OCCC licence OCCC treats this as unlicensed sports gaming; $5m fine notice issued against Kalshi. [Ohio — State](/jurisdictions/ohio/) High Licensee partnering with a prediction market anywhere in the US OCCC's August 2025 letter warns this can jeopardise Ohio suitability/licence. [Ohio — State](/jurisdictions/ohio/) High Failure to cooperate with OCCC investigation Independent ground for administrative action (Kalshi cited). [Ohio — State](/jurisdictions/ohio/) High Criminal exposure for unlicensed operation AG Yost threatened criminal penalties against Kalshi. [🇶🇦 Qatar](/jurisdictions/qatar/) High ISP/CRA domain blocking of offshore operator Signals active technical interdiction; residual access via VPN carries independent criminal exposure. [🇰🇷 Republic of Korea (South Korea)](/jurisdictions/south-korea/) High Korean nationals as customers abroad Habitual Overseas Gambler law; criminal exposure. [🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia](/jurisdictions/saudi-arabia/) High Operating physical gambling terminals Per-device fines escalated in 2024 to roughly US$26,753–$107,015. [🇷🇸 Serbia](/jurisdictions/serbia/) High Repeat breaches within 24 months Escalating bans up to one year on third breach. [🇻🇳 Socialist Republic of Vietnam](/jurisdictions/vietnam/) High Participation in illegal gambling above VND 5m Art.321 criminalises participation; aggravated forms up to 7 years. [🇿🇦 South Africa](/jurisdictions/south-africa/) High Bookmaker offering casino-style RGS games NGB 2026 crackdown post-Portapa; contested but high risk [🇹🇼 Taiwan](/jurisdictions/taiwan/) High Crypto-based settlement to obscure flows Cited as a key obfuscation tactic drawing MJIB scrutiny. [🇹🇼 Taiwan](/jurisdictions/taiwan/) High Match-fixing / event manipulation around Sports Lottery 2025 amendments impose up to 10 years' imprisonment. [🇹🇼 Taiwan](/jurisdictions/taiwan/) High Serving PRC nationals from Taiwan Cross-strait targeting heightens prosecution risk. [🇹🇭 Thailand](/jurisdictions/thailand/) High CCIB online enforcement intensifying Active prosecution of operators and facilitators with asset confiscation. [🇹🇭 Thailand](/jurisdictions/thailand/) High ISP/website blocking under Computer Crime Act Domain access systematically interdicted. [🇹🇭 Thailand](/jurisdictions/thailand/) High Proposed penalty escalation 5-12 years Substantial increase from historically low sanctions. [Tobique First Nation (Neqotkuk) — Tobique Gaming Commission](/jurisdictions/tobique-first-nation/) High No federal, provincial or foreign recognition of Tobique's asserted gaming jurisdiction located; s.4(1) paramountcy is a self-assertion. A Tobique licence is not market access. Licensees targeting regulated markets face non-recognition, enforcement and payment-rail exposure. [🇹🇳 Tunisia](/jurisdictions/tunisia/) High Proposed mandatory ISP blocking Offshore access would be degraded if enacted [🇹🇳 Tunisia](/jurisdictions/tunisia/) High Proposed mandatory PSP transaction blocking Payment channels would be cut for offshore operators [🇹🇳 Tunisia](/jurisdictions/tunisia/) High No retrievable Tier-1 primary statute text Material legal-certainty gap; advice must be locally verified [🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates — federal jurisdiction (GCGRA framework)](/jurisdictions/united-arab-emirates/) High Foreign operators targeting UAE residents Cybercrime law reaches offshore operators serving UAE residents. [🇺🇸 United States (Federal Layer)](/jurisdictions/united-states/) High Underestimating returning casino AML enforcement Enforcement momentum returned in 2024 with multi-million-dollar fines. SRC-US-005 [Utah](/jurisdictions/utah/) High Kalshi v. Utah federal lawsuit over CFTC preemption Outcome could either validate or nullify Utah's ability to apply state gambling law to federally-regulated prediction markets, with national precedent implications. [🇻🇪 Venezuela](/jurisdictions/venezuela/) High Domestic enforcement collapsed Creates false sense of safety; real risk is external. [🇻🇪 Venezuela](/jurisdictions/venezuela/) High UKGC/MGA scrutiny of Venezuela player files Home-licence jeopardy for carrying Venezuelan players. [Vermont](/jurisdictions/vermont/) High Sweepstakes-casino model operates in an undefined legal gray zone No statutory clarity increases risk of future enforcement or legislative closure of the workaround [West Virginia — State](/jurisdictions/west-virginia/) High AG sweepstakes subpoena campaign Sweepstakes/grey models face active enforcement; not a viable entry route. [Wyoming](/jurisdictions/wyoming/) High Offering house-banked pick'em/prop-card fantasy products to Wyoming residents without a sports-wagering operator permit WGC has demonstrated willingness to cease-and-desist and cite criminal penalties up to $3M/3yrs for products it deems unlicensed sports wagering. [Alberta — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/alberta/) Medium RG Check accreditation overlooked RG Check accreditation is mandatory within two years of entering the regulated market. [Alberta — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/alberta/) Medium Third-party platform controls undocumented CAM must cover controls performed by third-party platform providers. [Alberta — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/alberta/) Medium Underestimating compliance lift The Alberta package is more operationally demanding than many entrants expect. [🇩🇿 Algeria](/jurisdictions/algeria/) Medium Active ARPCE website blocking Offshore sites blocked regardless of foreign licence. [🇩🇿 Algeria](/jurisdictions/algeria/) Medium FATF grey listing Oct 2024 – 19 Jun 2026 (removed at June 2026 plenary) Trajectory increasing; ongoing AML reform pressure. [🇦🇷 Argentina](/jurisdictions/argentina/) Medium Assuming weak enforcement everywhere CABA actively prosecutes; ~19 provinces block illegal platforms. [🇦🇺 Australia](/jurisdictions/australia/) Medium Alternate-domain evasion of blocking ACMA targets alternate addresses. [🇦🇹 Austria](/jurisdictions/austria/) Medium Per-machine fines up to EUR 30,000 (repeat) Land-based device penalties accumulate rapidly. [🇦🇹 Austria](/jurisdictions/austria/) Medium BMF conflict of interest (ÖBAG stake in Casinos Austria) Regulator-shareholder overlap undermines EU-law coherence defence. [🇦🇹 Austria](/jurisdictions/austria/) Medium Multi-authority enforcement (Finanzpolizei, BVB, StA) Operators may face parallel proceedings simultaneously. [🇧🇩 Bangladesh](/jurisdictions/bangladesh/) Medium Home-regulator scrutiny of South Asian payment flows Reputational/licence risk for licensed operators elsewhere accepting BD players. [🇧🇩 Bangladesh](/jurisdictions/bangladesh/) Medium High Court directives + celebrity-endorsement committee Judicial momentum behind enforcement, including marketing. [🇧🇩 Bangladesh](/jurisdictions/bangladesh/) Medium Constitution Art.18(2) directs state to prevent gambling Constitutional anchor entrenches prohibition policy. [🇧🇩 Bangladesh](/jurisdictions/bangladesh/) Medium Section 21/22 cover gambling-related financial transactions/fraud Layered offences capture payment facilitation. [🇧🇪 Belgium](/jurisdictions/belgium/) Medium Pre-launch game approval BGC protocols require approval before launch. [🇧🇿 Belize](/jurisdictions/belize/) Medium A 2022 Gaming Control Board notice and a 2025 government notice give differing accounts of which, if any, companies hold or held a valid online licence. Conflicting official statements across time increase due-diligence risk for counterparties relying on either notice alone. [British Columbia — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/british-columbia/) Medium Relying on no ISP blocking as a sign of tolerance Absence of technical blocking does not legalise private provision. [🇧🇬 Bulgaria](/jurisdictions/bulgaria/) Medium Payments via couriers to unlicensed entities Postal/courier facilitation barred. [🇰🇭 Cambodia](/jurisdictions/cambodia/) Medium Operating in a prohibited zone Certain zones (e.g. Angkor Wat) bar all gambling. [🇰🇭 Cambodia](/jurisdictions/cambodia/) Medium Expired or transferred licence Sub-Decree 102 transitional fines target these. [🇰🇭 Cambodia](/jurisdictions/cambodia/) Medium Onsite CGMC inspection Regulator has onsite offices at licensed casinos. [🇨🇲 Cameroon](/jurisdictions/cameroon/) Medium Inconsistent enforcement credibility Weak rule-of-law signals unpredictability in dispute resolution. [Canada — Kahnawake](/jurisdictions/kahnawake/) Medium Public advisory evidence shows KGC's enforcement tool against unlicensed operators impersonating its brand (e.g. the 'JetSetSpins' notice) is limited to a published warning, not a blocking or takedown power. Limited enforcement reach against brand misuse signals constrained practical authority beyond the Territory and beyond its own licensees. [Canada — Ontario](/jurisdictions/ontario/) Medium Ignoring graduated escalation Warnings escalate to OMPs then suspension/revocation; track record matters. [🇨🇳 China (Mainland)](/jurisdictions/china/) Medium Tourism to blacklisted gambling destinations Outbound group-tour suspensions to listed destinations SRC-CN-012 [Colorado — State](/jurisdictions/colorado/) Medium Disorderly market exit Exits must protect player funds and follow Division wind-down expectations. [🇰🇲 Comoros](/jurisdictions/comoros/) Medium Historical FATF/APG data showing operating casinos in Comoros despite a documented statutory prohibition. Suggests either stale data, a tolerated informal sector, or an unresolved legal gap — all of which raise due-diligence uncertainty for any counterparty claiming a lawful physical gambling presence. [Connecticut — State](/jurisdictions/connecticut/) Medium Kalshi cease-and-desist Event-contract platforms targeted as unauthorised wagering. [🇨🇮 Côte d'Ivoire](/jurisdictions/cote-d-ivoire/) Medium Government's own legislative record cites ~500 unauthorised foreign betting sites and a large illicit lottery network operating at scale Signals substantial unlicensed market competition and potential blocking/enforcement risk for non-partnered foreign brands. [🇩🇴 Dominican Republic](/jurisdictions/dominican-republic/) Medium Historical light-touch may reverse abruptly Operators relying on non-enforcement face sudden exposure. [🇩🇴 Dominican Republic](/jurisdictions/dominican-republic/) Medium Multistakeholder council coordination risk Overlapping bodies (DGII, Indotel, Lotería) may produce inconsistent demands. [🇪🇬 Egypt](/jurisdictions/egypt/) Medium Reliance on near-term liberalisation Constitution 2014 Art. 2 entrenches Sharia, making liberalisation very unlikely. [🇪🇬 Egypt](/jurisdictions/egypt/) Medium Individual prosecution under Cybercrime Law Public prosecutor may impose travel bans on suspects (Art. 9). [🇪🇪 Estonia](/jurisdictions/estonia/) Medium Source-of-funds verification expectations FIU expects fund-origin verification. [🇫🇷 France](/jurisdictions/france/) Medium Ignoring ANJ black-list 1,335 URLs blocked in 2024. [🇫🇷 France](/jurisdictions/france/) Medium Ignoring ANJ blocking and delisting orders Article 61 of the loi du 12 mai 2010 gives the ANJ an administrative power to order ISP blocking and search-engine delisting without a prior court order. The SREN law is not the source of this power; its gambling relevance is confined to the JONUM regime in Articles 40-41. [🇩🇪 Germany](/jurisdictions/germany/) Medium 231 cease-and-desist proceedings in 2024 Active enforcement tempo against unlicensed operation and advertising. [🇬🇭 Ghana](/jurisdictions/ghana/) Medium BoG/NCA power to restrict payment rails and digital services Service-interruption risk for non-compliant operators. [🇬🇷 Greece](/jurisdictions/greece/) Medium Municipal permit revocation power (2026) Additional administrative shutdown lever. [Guernsey — Alderney](/jurisdictions/alderney/) Medium No public enforcement-action register/log located distinct from the licensee and fee pages Limits counterparty due-diligence visibility into AGCC's actual enforcement record. [🇭🇰 Hong Kong SAR](/jurisdictions/hong-kong/) Medium Cross-border PRC FX exposure on HK-routed flows PRC FX regulator monitors cross-border gambling payments [🇮🇸 Iceland](/jurisdictions/iceland/) Medium Weak website blocking allows VPN bypass Inconsistent enforcement creates legal uncertainty rather than safe harbour. [Illinois — State](/jurisdictions/illinois/) Medium Sweepstakes legal definition untested Sweepstakes operators ignoring C&Ds, betting on legal uncertainty. [Illinois — State](/jurisdictions/illinois/) Medium Prediction market enforcement IGB targeted Kalshi/Crypto.com for sports event contracts. [Illinois — State](/jurisdictions/illinois/) Medium Offshore sportsbook orders IGB targeted Bovada/BetOnline; offshore access is illegal. [Indiana — State](/jurisdictions/indiana/) Medium Breach of IGC settlement-order conditions Risks escalation to suspension/revocation. [🇮🇩 Indonesia](/jurisdictions/indonesia/) Medium Diplomatic pressure on host jurisdictions Indonesia pressures SE Asian hub states on offshore operators. [🇮🇪 Ireland](/jurisdictions/ireland/) Medium Failure to report suspicious gambling behaviour Statutory reporting obligation to GRAI. [🇮🇪 Ireland](/jurisdictions/ireland/) Medium Ignoring GRAI inspection programme from July 2026 Annual inspections begin; non-compliance exposure rises. [🇵🇰 Islamic Republic of Pakistan](/jurisdictions/pakistan/) Medium Pending IHC ban petition An adverse directive could mandate broader payment/ad blocking. [🇵🇰 Islamic Republic of Pakistan](/jurisdictions/pakistan/) Medium Assuming light-touch enforcement Trajectory is toward payment-monitoring and platform accountability. [🇯🇵 Japan](/jurisdictions/japan/) Medium Reputational fallout from JP enforcement Celebrity and athlete referrals receive heavy media coverage; reputational risk is acute. [🇰🇿 Kazakhstan](/jurisdictions/kazakhstan/) Medium Foreign Internet company evading VAT registration Non-registered foreign companies face blocking from January 2026. [🇰🇪 Kenya](/jurisdictions/kenya/) Medium Aviator/crash game mandatory recertification (Mar 2025) Short 14-day compliance windows imposed. [🇰🇪 Kenya](/jurisdictions/kenya/) Medium KRA real-time monitoring of 36 firms Tax non-compliance is immediately visible. [Latin America](/jurisdictions/latin-america/) Medium ADI 7721/7723/7749 pending before Brazil's STF challenging Lei 14.790 Merits of the betting law's constitutionality remain undecided as of July 2026, creating durability risk for federal licences [🇱🇹 Lithuania](/jurisdictions/lithuania/) Medium Confiscation powers extended to companies (2021) Proceeds of illegal gambling now recoverable from corporates. [🇱🇺 Luxembourg](/jurisdictions/luxembourg/) Medium Conseil d'État flagged constitutional risk in Projet de loi 8679 Signals ongoing legislative instability and unpredictability in the enforcement reform timeline. [🇲🇴 Macau SAR (Macau Special Administrative Region, China)](/jurisdictions/macau/) Medium Joint inspection teams in casinos Continuous DICJ/PJ/DSF/GIF presence [🇲🇴 Macau SAR (Macau Special Administrative Region, China)](/jurisdictions/macau/) Medium Data-transfer restrictions Player data transfer limits on concessionaires [🇲🇾 Malaysia](/jurisdictions/malaysia/) Medium State Syariah enactments vary across 13 states + FT Fragmented religious-law exposure complicates compliance posture. [🇲🇾 Malaysia](/jurisdictions/malaysia/) Medium Distributed blocking authority (multiple agencies can direct ISPs) Blocking volume accelerates because directives are not MCMC-only. [🇲🇾 Malaysia](/jurisdictions/malaysia/) Medium Sarawak working on system-level mobile blocking (Nov 2025) Mobile-app access is a new enforcement frontier. [🇲🇾 Malaysia](/jurisdictions/malaysia/) Medium Offshore operators based in PH/KH/MT targeting MY users Cross-border supply persists but faces growing disruption. [🇲🇾 Malaysia](/jurisdictions/malaysia/) Medium Malta-licensed operators largely withdrew from MY Reputable offshore licensees have exited, leaving higher-risk supply. [🇲🇹 Malta](/jurisdictions/malta/) Medium 2025 Capital Requirements Policy positive-equity duty Negative-equity licensees must restore compliance promptly. [🇲🇹 Malta](/jurisdictions/malta/) Medium MGA suspension/cancellation powers Licence at risk on fit-and-proper or breach findings. [Maryland — State](/jurisdictions/maryland/) Medium MLGCA prediction-market warning to licensees Involvement with Kalshi-type products risks licence action. [Maryland — State](/jurisdictions/maryland/) Medium MD Criminal Law § 12-102 covers 'contingency' wagers Unauthorized online slots/casino games criminalized. [🇲🇽 Mexico](/jurisdictions/mexico/) Medium DGJS capacity constraints Inconsistent enforcement and slow processing. [🇲🇽 Mexico](/jurisdictions/mexico/) Medium SAT real-time data access Continuous fiscal surveillance of bets/payouts. [Mississippi](/jurisdictions/mississippi/) Medium MGC has already issued cease-and-desist letters to unlicensed online gaming operators absent a final statute. Administrative enforcement risk precedes formal legislative resolution. [🇲🇦 Morocco](/jurisdictions/morocco/) Medium Legal uncertainty post-appeal stay Blocking could be re-imposed on final ruling. [🇲🇦 Morocco](/jurisdictions/morocco/) Medium MAD 10,000/day ISP non-compliance fine Telecoms incentivised to block; access fragility. [New Mexico (USA)](/jurisdictions/new-mexico/) Medium NMGCB licensing procedure transition underway (late June–early July 2026) Non-tribal licensees may face onboarding disruption or changed conditions [🇺🇸 New York — State](/jurisdictions/new-york/) Medium NYSGC pre-approval marketing code Enforcement risk for non-compliant ads/affiliates. [🇺🇸 New York — State](/jurisdictions/new-york/) Medium Player-prop wager restrictions pending Product offerings may be curtailed for integrity reasons. [🇺🇸 New York — State](/jurisdictions/new-york/) Medium Fair Play Act (A9125) limiting bans Would constrain operator risk management. [🇳🇿 New Zealand](/jurisdictions/new-zealand/) Medium Ignoring DIA enforceable undertakings/warnings DIA escalates from warnings to High Court penalties. [🇳🇿 New Zealand](/jurisdictions/new-zealand/) Medium Assuming offshore structure avoids all NZ exposure Promotion and platform liability reach offshore-targeted advertising. [🇳🇬 Nigeria](/jurisdictions/nigeria/) Medium Relying on contested blacklist status without confirming licensure Blacklist contested; verify direct with LSLGA SRC-NG-012 [North Carolina — State](/jurisdictions/north-carolina/) Medium Offshore operators accept NC bettors without geo-blocking Leakage to unlicensed markets, especially if regulated economics worsen. [Ohio — State](/jurisdictions/ohio/) Medium Federal/state preemption uncertainty (CFTC vs OCCC) Appeal pending; outcome reshapes prediction-market legality. [Ohio — State](/jurisdictions/ohio/) Medium Ignoring multi-state coordinated enforcement Ohio acted alongside NJ, NV, MA, IL against prediction markets. [Oklahoma](/jurisdictions/oklahoma/) Medium Tribes disagree over whether any future mobile betting app would work across all tribal territories statewide or be geographically restricted per tribe A fragmented mobile framework would materially complicate any future market-entry model [Oregon](/jurisdictions/oregon/) Medium State audit found Oregon's gambling laws to be vague with mixed interpretations Legal uncertainty increases enforcement and compliance risk for any market entrant relying on statutory clarity. [🇵🇼 Palau](/jurisdictions/palau/) Medium Two of the last two known concessionaires had their concessions revoked for fee non-payment in 2022 Signals elevated counterparty/financial-capability risk in this concession pool [🇵🇭 Philippines](/jurisdictions/philippines/) Medium Unlicensed offshore site access by residents Illegal; asset freeze and no recourse. [🇵🇭 Philippines](/jurisdictions/philippines/) Medium Residential illegal hub continuity Splintered illegal operations persist post-ban. [🇵🇭 Philippines](/jurisdictions/philippines/) Medium Foreign worker visa exposure POGO worker permits revoked, deportations. [Quebec — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/quebec/) Medium Loto-Québec labels offshore operators illegal Reputational/regulatory characterisation risk for QOGC members. [Quebec — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/quebec/) Medium Bill 74 ISP-blocking struck down Structural limit weakens but does not legitimise offshore activity. [Rhode Island — State](/jurisdictions/rhode-island/) Medium Constitutional voter-approval constraint Shaped live-dealer iGaming model; limits virtual-only expansion. [Rhode Island — State](/jurisdictions/rhode-island/) Medium Bally Bet contract unsigned at research date Launch terms/date not finalised; execution risk. [🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia](/jurisdictions/saudi-arabia/) Medium Identified Saudi traffic in a licensed operator's book Home-regulator (UKGC/MGA) geolocation scrutiny and licence risk. [🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia](/jurisdictions/saudi-arabia/) Medium Assuming low individual-prosecution risk means safe operation Focus is on blocking/operators, but facilitation remains a serious criminal offence. [🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia](/jurisdictions/saudi-arabia/) Medium Cross-border facilitation harming Saudi interests Cybercrime law can apply to acts outside the country harming Saudi interests/citizens. [🇸🇳 Senegal](/jurisdictions/senegal/) Medium Conflicting reports on site blocking Some sources report active blocking of foreign sportsbooks; posture uncertain. [🇷🇸 Serbia](/jurisdictions/serbia/) Medium Refusing real-time video surveillance link (casinos) 2024 Draft Law allows regulator real-time CCTV monitoring. [🇸🇰 Slovakia](/jurisdictions/slovakia/) Medium SAO-identified sanctions capacity gap (900+ lapsed cases) Uneven enforcement disadvantages licensed operators versus offshore. [🇻🇳 Socialist Republic of Vietnam](/jurisdictions/vietnam/) Medium Hosting prize-draw livestreams ('blind bag') Treated as organising gambling under Art.321. [🇻🇳 Socialist Republic of Vietnam](/jurisdictions/vietnam/) Medium Vietnamese citizen organising gambling abroad Penal Code Art.6 allows prosecution of citizens for crimes committed abroad. [🇻🇳 Socialist Republic of Vietnam](/jurisdictions/vietnam/) Medium Assuming non-prosecution of individual players Unlike many markets, individual players have been detained/fined in VN. [🇿🇦 South Africa](/jurisdictions/south-africa/) Medium Sponsoring sports with unlicensed brand Industry/regulator concern over unlicensed sponsorship [🇿🇦 South Africa](/jurisdictions/south-africa/) Medium Hub-jurisdiction brand serving ZA Future RGB extraterritorial reach over offshore providers [🇹🇼 Taiwan](/jurisdictions/taiwan/) Medium Player participation in online gambling Players face fines up to NT$50,000. [🇹🇼 Taiwan](/jurisdictions/taiwan/) Medium Customer-service operations for offshore operators Support-service liability is inconsistently drawn but real. [🇹🇼 Taiwan](/jurisdictions/taiwan/) Medium Assuming low enforcement due to falling case counts Decline reflects deterrence, not reduced prosecution appetite. [🇹🇼 Taiwan](/jurisdictions/taiwan/) Medium Failure to cooperate with lottery integrity investigations 2025 amendments penalise non-cooperation. [🇹🇿 Tanzania](/jurisdictions/tanzania/) Medium Weak offshore blocking Unlicensed competition erodes licensed-market share. [🇹🇭 Thailand](/jurisdictions/thailand/) Medium Players as well as operators criminally liable End-user exposure; foreigners risk deportation. [🇹🇷 Türkiye (Turkey)](/jurisdictions/turkey/) Medium Counterparty licensed/hosted in Cyprus, Malta, Georgia, North Macedonia, or Armenia and marketing to Turkish consumers Turkish authorities have explicitly warned of diplomatic and economic retaliation against these jurisdictions, raising cross-border political and enforcement risk. [🇺🇬 Uganda](/jurisdictions/uganda/) Medium NLGRB temporary closures of licensed operators Licence-condition breaches can trigger operational shutdown. [🇺🇬 Uganda](/jurisdictions/uganda/) Medium UCC website-blocking powers Unlicensed operators face access interdiction. [🇺🇸 United States (Federal Layer)](/jurisdictions/united-states/) Medium Hub-jurisdiction licensees ignoring US reputational pressure US licensees in MT/GI/IM face US-driven enforcement spillover. SRC-US-005 [🇺🇾 Uruguay](/jurisdictions/uruguay/) Medium ISP-blocking authority Authorities can and do block offshore gambling sites. [Utah](/jurisdictions/utah/) Medium AG public statements characterising DFS-adjacent prop-bet apps as illegal gambling Signals potential future enforcement expansion toward DFS/pick'em operators currently unchallenged. [Virginia — State](/jurisdictions/virginia/) Medium Repeated licence-condition breaches Triggers settlement agreements or revocation. [Washington, D.C.](/jurisdictions/district-of-columbia/) Medium 'Statute of Anne' suit challenging SWLAA legality An adverse ruling could disrupt the legal basis for the entire sports-wagering licensing regime. [Wisconsin](/jurisdictions/wisconsin/) Medium Persistent illegal offshore/prediction-market wagering prior to statewide launch Indicates enforcement gap and residual demand that may not migrate to the compliant tribal channel once live. [🇿🇲 Zambia](/jurisdictions/zambia/) Medium BCLB transaction tracking and offshore blocking Unlicensed offshore operators face payment-rail interdiction. [🇦🇹 Austria](/jurisdictions/austria/) Low Player-side administrative offence (up to EUR 7,500) Players technically liable, though rarely prosecuted. [🇧🇪 Belgium](/jurisdictions/belgium/) Low Low fine-collection rate Only 21% of 2023 fines collected — uneven enforcement. [🇨🇷 Costa Rica](/jurisdictions/costa-rica/) Low Assuming SUTEL inaction is permanent SUTEL technically holds website-block power. [Delaware — State](/jurisdictions/delaware/) Low Internal self-enforcement Limited independent enforcement transparency. [🇪🇪 Estonia](/jurisdictions/estonia/) Low Supervising offshore decision-centres MoF flagged practical supervision challenges for foreign-based licensees. [🇮🇸 Iceland](/jurisdictions/iceland/) Low Low but non-zero extraterritorial trajectory under reform Future enforcement could target offshore-facing operators. [🇲🇾 Malaysia](/jurisdictions/malaysia/) Low Electricity disconnection power for gaming premises (CGHA §21A) Physical operating premises face utility-cut-off remedies. [New Brunswick (Canada)](/jurisdictions/new-brunswick/) Low Assuming player winnings are taxable Winnings tax-exempt except professional gamblers. [North Carolina — State](/jurisdictions/north-carolina/) Low Young regulator with thin enforcement track record Enforcement posture not yet tested; future intensity uncertain. [North Carolina — State](/jurisdictions/north-carolina/) Low Dual tribal + NIGC + NCSLC oversight layers Complex jurisdictional overlay for tribal-linked operators. [🇵🇦 Panama](/jurisdictions/panama/) Low Overstating licence prestige Licence weightier than Curaçao but below MGA; recognition limited. [🇷🇼 Rwanda](/jurisdictions/rwanda/) Low Active risk-based posture RDB conducts inspections and background checks; compliance scrutiny is real. [🇸🇳 Senegal](/jurisdictions/senegal/) Low Bingo blocked for residents (older source) Some products historically blocked from targeting residents. [🇷🇸 Serbia](/jurisdictions/serbia/) Low Untrained player-facing staff Staff must be trained in problem-gambling prevention. [🇸🇰 Slovakia](/jurisdictions/slovakia/) Low Municipal venue bans loophole Inconsistent land-based enforcement at municipal level. [🇸🇰 Slovakia](/jurisdictions/slovakia/) Low Loot-box and quiz-machine enforcement focus Adjacent-product scope expansion. [🇪🇸 Spain](/jurisdictions/spain/) Low Assuming CNJ exists as the live regulator CNJ never constituted; DGOJ holds all powers — address correspondence accordingly. [🇱🇰 Sri Lanka](/jurisdictions/sri-lanka/) Low Penalties weaker than international standards Experts warn weak penalties may undermine enforcement deterrence. [🇹🇿 Tanzania](/jurisdictions/tanzania/) Low Ad hoc inter-agency coordination Inconsistent enforcement signalling. [🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates — federal jurisdiction (GCGRA framework)](/jurisdictions/united-arab-emirates/) Low Pre-1-June-2026 gaming contracts Civil-code voidness applied before the Decree-Law took effect. [🇺🇾 Uruguay](/jurisdictions/uruguay/) Low Litigation risk at land-based level Nogaró/Vidaplan claim against DGC shows competition-related litigation exposure. [West Virginia — State](/jurisdictions/west-virginia/) Low Annual financial audit by CPA Recurring audit obligation; deficiencies expose licence risk. [🇿🇲 Zambia](/jurisdictions/zambia/) Low Licence non-renewal as primary tool Sanctions opaque; reliance on renewal leverage rather than transparent fines.