--- title: "Market Structure across all jurisdictions — Gambling Regulatory Intelligence · Advennt" canonical: https://advennt.io/themes/market_structure/ source_html: /themes/market_structure/index.html description: "Advennt regulatory intelligence — Market Structure rolled up across 94 jurisdictions. Each claim traces to its country page." generated_at: 2026-10-27T14:33:42Z content_sha256: 6783be12faac40ebd43c0cf321d05f6bfe63153d86d3a99812fb301d75ccb351 generator: "fe-fleet/md-twin@1.0" --- # Market Structure across all jurisdictions — Gambling Regulatory Intelligence · Advennt ` landed in the SECOND track while the first stayed empty, and the whole index rendered inside 1fr of a 1140px box with a dead 210px gutter. That is the "one column" the operator saw. Fixed with a modifier on the index only, so detail pages keep 210px 1fr. */ .layout--single{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);max-width:var(--chrome-maxw,1600px)} /* Prose still needs a readable measure -- full width is for the CARD GRID, not for a 1600px line of text. */ .layout--single .lead{max-width:84ch} .tx-index{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(260px,1fr));gap:14px;margin-top:16px} .tx-card{border:1px solid var(--line,#e5e7eb);border-radius:12px;padding:18px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink-1,#111);background:var(--surface,#fff)} .tx-card:hover{border-color:var(--accent,#b45309)} .tx-card h3{margin:0 0 6px} .tx-card .tx-def{font-size:13px;color:var(--ink-2,#374151)} .tx-card .tx-stat{font-size:12px;color:var(--accent,#b45309);margin-top:10px;font-weight:600} /* T3 typography rebase (session arti-17fcf3a5) — theme-scoped, cascades last. The shared engine CSS hardcodes -apple-system on body and declares --ui/--read without ever loading the faces, so Satoshi silently fell back. fonts.css + typography.css are now linked in (fonts.css supplies the self-hosted @font-face rules); this rule makes the page consume the token it already declares. Deliberately NOT changed in the engine renderer: build_jurisdiction_page_v3.py also builds the ~105 JID pages, so a body-font change there is a full-reflow decision, not a theme fix. */ body{font-family:var(--ui)} [Skip to content](#app) # Market Structure Monopoly/state-operator models, competitive landscape, ownership, product verticals and distribution. Flags 278 Jurisdictions 94 Read order Theme-major 22 further jurisdictions with flags in this theme are in expert review and not shown until published. ## Cross-jurisdiction posture cluster 278 flags across 94 jurisdictions. Posture mass: Rules 113 · Risks 68 · Reality 97. [🇰🇷 Republic of Korea (South Korea) 11 ⚠](/jurisdictions/south-korea/)[Indiana — State 10 ⚠](/jurisdictions/indiana/)[🇭🇰 Hong Kong SAR 8 ⚠](/jurisdictions/hong-kong/)[🇱🇰 Sri Lanka 8 ⚠](/jurisdictions/sri-lanka/)[🇹🇭 Thailand 8 ⚠](/jurisdictions/thailand/)[🇹🇳 Tunisia 8 ⚠](/jurisdictions/tunisia/) ## Worked examples Each links back to the full jurisdiction page — the theme view is a projection of those country ledgers. [🇰🇷 Republic of Korea (South Korea) →](/jurisdictions/south-korea/) Private sports betting KSPO holds exclusive monopoly. 11 market structure flags on this jurisdiction · see full country page [Indiana — State →](/jurisdictions/indiana/) Offering online casino (iGaming) iGaming is not legal in Indiana; prohibited. 10 market structure flags on this jurisdiction · see full country page [🇭🇰 Hong Kong SAR →](/jurisdictions/hong-kong/) Offering online casino to HK residents Prohibited under Cap. 148; no licensing avenue 8 market structure flags on this jurisdiction · see full country page ## Rules · Risks · Reality across the cohort Lens · which facet of each jurisdiction’s flags: All Rules Risks Reality Showing all facets. [🇩🇿 Algeria](/jurisdictions/algeria/) Critical Law 18-05 bans gambling e-commerce Forecloses any online operator legal basis. [🇦🇷 Argentina](/jurisdictions/argentina/) Critical Attempting private lottery operation Lottery and pool-betting are constitutionally reserved to the state. [🇧🇬 Bulgaria](/jurisdictions/bulgaria/) Critical Offering online lottery (non-instant) State monopoly since Feb 2021. [🇪🇬 Egypt](/jurisdictions/egypt/) Critical Admitting Egyptians to hotel casinos Carve-out is foreigner-only; admitting locals breaches the exception. [Florida](/jurisdictions/florida/) Critical No B2C or B2B online licensing pathway exists outside the Seminole compact Categorically forecloses market entry for non-tribal digital operators absent compact renegotiation [🇭🇰 Hong Kong SAR](/jurisdictions/hong-kong/) Critical Offering online casino to HK residents Prohibited under Cap. 148; no licensing avenue [Indiana — State](/jurisdictions/indiana/) Critical Offering online casino (iGaming) iGaming is not legal in Indiana; prohibited. [Louisiana](/jurisdictions/louisiana/) Critical Operating dual-currency sweepstakes casino model targeting Louisiana residents AG opinion + 40+ cease-and-desist letters + pending racketeering bill (HB53) create acute criminal/regulatory exposure despite absence of an explicit statutory ban [Massachusetts — State](/jurisdictions/massachusetts/) Critical Offering sports-related event/prediction-market contracts MGC formally prohibited this in Nov 2025 with revocation risk. [🇰🇷 Republic of Korea (South Korea)](/jurisdictions/south-korea/) Critical Private sports betting KSPO holds exclusive monopoly. [🇱🇰 Sri Lanka](/jurisdictions/sri-lanka/) Critical Serving LK residents via offshore unlicensed site Explicitly illegal post-1 Dec 2025; GRA may block and prosecute. [🇹🇭 Thailand](/jurisdictions/thailand/) Critical Online gambling explicitly prohibited Offshore platforms serving Thai players are unlawful and actively blocked. [🇹🇳 Tunisia](/jurisdictions/tunisia/) Critical Promosport exclusivity in betting & lottery No competitive entry in betting/lottery [Virginia — State](/jurisdictions/virginia/) Critical Offering online casino games iGaming remains prohibited after 2026 bills failed. [🇦🇷 Argentina](/jurisdictions/argentina/) High No local SA/SRL entity per province A local entity is required per province. [🇦🇷 Argentina](/jurisdictions/argentina/) High Underpricing the illegal-market headwind Illegal sites are estimated to dominate the market, eroding licensed channel share. [Arizona — State](/jurisdictions/arizona/) High Compact non-compliance Tribal operators face concurrent tribal commission and NIGC oversight. [🇧🇩 Bangladesh](/jurisdictions/bangladesh/) High No B2B pathway (absent_no_pathway) Software/platform supply has no lawful route and is facilitation. [🇧🇪 Belgium](/jurisdictions/belgium/) High National Lottery monopoly Online lottery reserved to state monopoly. [🇧🇪 Belgium](/jurisdictions/belgium/) High Meta ads prohibited Social ad platforms closed for gambling. [🇧🇷 Brazil](/jurisdictions/brazil/) High Large persistent grey/offshore market Channelisation competition undermines licensed margins. [British Columbia — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/british-columbia/) High Launching crypto gambling targeting BC Crypto gambling treated as prohibited. [British Columbia — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/british-columbia/) High Listing a private gambling app for BC users No private gambling apps are authorised for BC residents. [British Columbia — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/british-columbia/) High Ignoring Cullen Commission AML context in BC operations AML failings drove the reform; scrutiny is elevated. [🇺🇸 California](/jurisdictions/california/) High Offering paid DFS contests to CA users post-July 2025 AG opinion AG has formally opined this constitutes illegal sports wagering, materially raising enforcement risk even absent an injunction. [Connecticut — State](/jurisdictions/connecticut/) High Sweepstakes casino ban (PA 25-112) Sweepstakes models prohibited from 1 Oct 2025. [🇨🇷 Costa Rica](/jurisdictions/costa-rica/) High Entering domestic lottery JPS holds a state monopoly. [Delaware — State](/jurisdictions/delaware/) High Population ~1M Caps total addressable market regardless of structure. [Delaware — State](/jurisdictions/delaware/) High Single exclusive operator (BetRivers/RSI) No competitive operator entry possible under exclusive contract. [Florida](/jurisdictions/florida/) High HHR-branded slot-style titles offered on Hard Rock Bet framed as historical-race bets rather than RNG casino games Tests the outer boundary of compact scope and could trigger renewed IGRA litigation risk [🇬🇭 Ghana](/jurisdictions/ghana/) High Unlicensed black-site proliferation Untaxed competitors undercut licensed operators. [Hawaii](/jurisdictions/hawaii/) High Sweeps-coin models where Sweeps Coins can be earned without any free-entry path Removes the no-purchase-necessary element that keeps sweepstakes outside the HRS §712-1220 'consideration' definition, exposing the operator to gambling-promotion liability. [Hawaii](/jurisdictions/hawaii/) High Entry-fee-based daily fantasy sports contests offered to Hawaii residents 2016 AG opinion classifies this as illegal gambling; no subsequent statutory safe harbor exists. [🇭🇰 Hong Kong SAR](/jurisdictions/hong-kong/) High Publishing gambling app/ads targeting HK Ad platforms and app stores restrict; promotion of unauthorised gambling criminalised [🇭🇰 Hong Kong SAR](/jurisdictions/hong-kong/) High Launching mixed skill/chance product Broad statutory 'gaming' definition captures mixed skill/chance [🇭🇰 Hong Kong SAR](/jurisdictions/hong-kong/) High Supplying platform/software to a HK gambling operator No B2B licensing pathway; HKJC vertically integrated [🇭🇰 Hong Kong SAR](/jurisdictions/hong-kong/) High Esports betting product targeting HK Prohibited; no licensing [Idaho](/jurisdictions/idaho/) High Idaho Attorney General has formally opined that paid DFS falls within the gambling definition. Any skill-adjacent real-money product faces elevated prosecutorial risk absent an explicit statutory carve-out. [Indiana — State](/jurisdictions/indiana/) High Operating online poker Online poker is not authorised. [Indiana — State](/jurisdictions/indiana/) High Operating dual/multi-currency sweepstakes casino post 1 July 2026 HB 1052 classifies the vertical as illegal gambling from that date. [Indiana — State](/jurisdictions/indiana/) High Crypto-gambling offering No IGC-approved crypto pathway exists. [Indiana — State](/jurisdictions/indiana/) High Selling lottery products outside Hoosier Lottery monopoly Lottery is monopolised; iLottery not yet enacted. [🇮🇩 Indonesia](/jurisdictions/indonesia/) High PSE registration enforcement (Cloudflare warning) Infrastructure providers face access termination. [🇵🇰 Islamic Republic of Pakistan](/jurisdictions/pakistan/) High Supplying software to operators targeting PK No B2B pathway exists; supply facilitates unlawful gambling. [🇯🇵 Japan](/jurisdictions/japan/) High Distributing real-money gambling apps to JP users App stores do not permit them; the Sep 2025 amendment bans new online casino apps. [🇰🇿 Kazakhstan](/jurisdictions/kazakhstan/) High Offering online poker Online poker remains outside the legal licensing perimeter. [🇱🇺 Luxembourg](/jurisdictions/luxembourg/) High Loterie Nationale itself estimates illegal gambling generates over EUR 100m GGR annually Indicates a substantial unaddressed shadow market operating alongside the two lawful monopolies. [🇲🇭 Marshall Islands](/jurisdictions/marshall-islands/) High MH DAO LLC or IBC used as the operating or holding entity for a gambling or 'Web3 Gaming' platform FATF MER specifically flags DAO/Web3 Gaming structures as an ML/TF vulnerability given absent VASP-specific supervision. [Massachusetts — State](/jurisdictions/massachusetts/) High Offering online poker Online poker is not legalised in MA. [Massachusetts — State](/jurisdictions/massachusetts/) High Lottery-style products outside the State Lottery Lottery is a state monopoly. [Massachusetts — State](/jurisdictions/massachusetts/) High Crypto gambling No MGC-approved pathway for crypto gambling. [Michigan — State](/jurisdictions/michigan/) High Supplying wagering-affecting services without supplier licence R 432.623 requires supplier licensing. [Michigan — State](/jurisdictions/michigan/) High Offering lottery products outside Lottery Bureau Lottery is a state monopoly carved out of LIGA. [🇲🇦 Morocco](/jurisdictions/morocco/) High Single legal operator (MDJS) per vertical Monopoly concentration; no competitive entry. [Nebraska](/jurisdictions/nebraska/) High Assuming Class III (house-banked) tribal casino games are lawful in Nebraska Nebraska tribal casinos currently operate under Class I & II only absent a state Class III compact [🇳🇵 Nepal](/jurisdictions/nepal/) High Supplying gaming software to local operators online No B2B pathway; supply for online gambling prohibited. [New Brunswick (Canada)](/jurisdictions/new-brunswick/) High Offering crypto gambling to NB residents Outside monopoly authorisation; prohibited though unenforced. [🇳🇿 New Zealand](/jurisdictions/new-zealand/) High Offering racing/sports betting to NZ residents TAB NZ monopoly; offshore bookmakers banned since 27 June 2025. [🇳🇿 New Zealand](/jurisdictions/new-zealand/) High Offering lottery-like products competing with Lotto NZ Licences will not be granted for products substantially similar to protected lotteries. [North Dakota](/jurisdictions/north-dakota/) High Tribal online/mobile gaming products accessible outside reservation boundaries 2022 compact amendments confine online Class III gaming strictly within reservation boundaries; off-reservation access risks IGRA violation exposure per the Florida Seminole precedent cited by ND officials [Oregon](/jurisdictions/oregon/) High DK Replay historical-event wagering product approved without formal casino-game determination Creates precedent risk for iGaming-adjacent product creep under a sports-betting-only authorization; unresolved as of research date. [Oregon](/jurisdictions/oregon/) High Single-vendor online sportsbook monopoly with no competitive licensing pathway Structurally forecloses B2C market entry for any operator other than the incumbent Lottery vendor. [🇵🇭 Philippines](/jurisdictions/philippines/) High Supplying without PAGCOR accreditation Operators prohibited from using unaccredited vendors from Q1 2026. [Quebec — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/quebec/) High No private app distribution to QC residents App-store and platform routes closed. [Quebec — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/quebec/) High Affiliate marketing prohibited for unlicensed operators Affiliate acquisition is unlawful. [Quebec — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/quebec/) High No B2B licensing pathway Suppliers cannot license to private operators. [🇰🇷 Republic of Korea (South Korea)](/jurisdictions/south-korea/) High Software supply to KR-facing operator No B2B pathway; prohibited. [🇰🇷 Republic of Korea (South Korea)](/jurisdictions/south-korea/) High Crypto gambling targeting KR Prohibited; AML predicate. [🇰🇷 Republic of Korea (South Korea)](/jurisdictions/south-korea/) High Game-money to cash conversion Crosses GIPA gambling line. [🇰🇷 Republic of Korea (South Korea)](/jurisdictions/south-korea/) High Admitting Korean nationals to foreigner-only casino Breach of Tourism Promotion Act licence. [🇰🇷 Republic of Korea (South Korea)](/jurisdictions/south-korea/) High Private horse-race betting KRA holds sole authority. [🇰🇷 Republic of Korea (South Korea)](/jurisdictions/south-korea/) High Private lottery Single state provider. [Rhode Island — State](/jurisdictions/rhode-island/) High ~1.1M population Tiny addressable market caps absolute revenue. [Rhode Island — State](/jurisdictions/rhode-island/) High Monopoly/near-monopoly structure Only one iGaming and (until Nov 2026) one sports operator. [🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia](/jurisdictions/saudi-arabia/) High Expatriate staff involvement in gambling Typically results in deportation and permanent re-entry ban. [🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia](/jurisdictions/saudi-arabia/) High Assuming a state-lottery carve-out exists Unlike CN/VN/KR, Saudi Arabia has NO state-lottery exception. [🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia](/jurisdictions/saudi-arabia/) High Supplying gambling software to any Saudi-facing entity No B2B pathway; supply is facilitation of a criminal activity. [🇷🇸 Serbia](/jurisdictions/serbia/) High Jackpot game without annual UIS approval Jackpots require per-operator annual approval and certification. [🇸🇰 Slovakia](/jurisdictions/slovakia/) High Offshore black-market persistence Channelisation undermined by anonymous offshore sites. [🇻🇳 Socialist Republic of Vietnam](/jurisdictions/vietnam/) High Distributing gambling apps via Apple/Google in VN Decree 147/2024 compels removal of violating apps. [🇻🇳 Socialist Republic of Vietnam](/jurisdictions/vietnam/) High Selling lottery online or proxy-buying foreign lottery MOF declared online lottery sale and proxy-buying illegal. [🇻🇳 Socialist Republic of Vietnam](/jurisdictions/vietnam/) High Supplying gambling platform/software locally No B2B agrément exists; supply implicates organising-gambling liability. [🇻🇳 Socialist Republic of Vietnam](/jurisdictions/vietnam/) High Offering online poker / cash games to locals Card games of chance for money are explicitly banned. [🇻🇳 Socialist Republic of Vietnam](/jurisdictions/vietnam/) High Allowing non-qualifying Vietnamese nationals to gamble Pilot access is tightly conditioned (21+, income, ticket). [🇪🇸 Spain](/jurisdictions/spain/) High Non-EEA incorporation Applicants must be EEA-established as SA or equivalent. [🇪🇸 Spain](/jurisdictions/spain/) High Offering unregulated game types Only games within statutory definitions may be offered. [🇱🇰 Sri Lanka](/jurisdictions/sri-lanka/) High Foreign entity without local registration Only locally-incorporated/registered companies may hold a licence. [🇱🇰 Sri Lanka](/jurisdictions/sri-lanka/) High Competing with NLB/DLB lottery monopoly Lotteries reserved to state boards; private lottery prohibited. [Texas](/jurisdictions/texas/) High Assuming Texas tribal gaming permits full Class III casino games All three tribes currently operate Class II only; no Class III compact exists and HJR156 has repeatedly failed [🇺🇬 Uganda](/jurisdictions/uganda/) High Offshore market >26% of interactive gross win Significant leakage to unlicensed operators undermines licensed economics. [🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates — federal jurisdiction (GCGRA framework)](/jurisdictions/united-arab-emirates/) High Crypto gambling / sweepstakes / DFS No GCGRA pathway; high criminal risk under Penal Code. [🇬🇧 United Kingdom](/jurisdictions/united-kingdom/) High Slot stake over £5/£2 Breach of mandatory licence condition. SRC-GB-003 [🇺🇸 United States (Federal Layer)](/jurisdictions/united-states/) High Operating in tribal gaming areas without a compact IGRA Class III requires a tribal-state compact and NIGC oversight. SRC-US-004 [🇻🇺 Vanuatu](/jurisdictions/vanuatu/) High A non-.gov.vu site ('vga.vu') presents itself as the 'Vanuatu Gaming Authority' administering applications for the DCIR. Counterparty due diligence processes that do not verify the .gov.vu domain discipline risk engaging an unofficial intermediary for licence applications. [Virginia — State](/jurisdictions/virginia/) High Accepting wagers on in-state college teams Statutorily prohibited; voids permit compliance. [Virginia — State](/jurisdictions/virginia/) High Undisclosed 5%+ owners Beneficial-ownership disclosure mandatory. [Alaska](/jurisdictions/alaska/) Medium Sweepstakes-casino model relying on unregulated grey-zone status Status could be reclassified as unlawful gambling under AS 11.66.280 without warning [🇩🇿 Algeria](/jurisdictions/algeria/) Medium App stores exclude DZ gambling apps No app distribution channel. [🇩🇿 Algeria](/jurisdictions/algeria/) Medium PSA/PMU sole authorised entities No private participation possible in permitted channels. [🇦🇬 Antigua and Barbuda](/jurisdictions/antigua-and-barbuda/) Medium FSRC's own public register distinguishes active licensees from entities fraudulently claiming AG licensure. Due-diligence counterparties must check the live register rather than relying on self-reported AG licensure claims. [🇦🇷 Argentina](/jurisdictions/argentina/) Medium Seeking a standalone B2B licence No B2B pathway exists; suppliers must contract with B2C licensees. [Arkansas](/jurisdictions/arkansas/) Medium Negotiating an online sportsbook partnership without accounting for the 51% revenue-share norm The mandated revenue split has historically deterred larger operators and shapes deal economics materially. [🇦🇹 Austria](/jurisdictions/austria/) Medium Grey market ~70-80% of online play Channelisation failure signals weak monopoly effectiveness but high legal risk for offshore actors. [🇦🇹 Austria](/jurisdictions/austria/) Medium Ad-platform and app-store restrictions for unlicensed offerings Acquisition channels legally precarious. [🇧🇩 Bangladesh](/jurisdictions/bangladesh/) Medium Gambling apps unavailable on Google Play / App Store for BD Forces unsafe sideloading; no compliant distribution path. [British Columbia — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/british-columbia/) Medium Treating fantasy sports as clearly legal Fantasy sports occupy a grey zone in BC. [British Columbia — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/british-columbia/) Medium Assuming ministerial sign-off slows IGCO action IGCO can issue binding directives without ministerial consent. [British Columbia — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/british-columbia/) Medium Overestimating addressable legal market Only ~51% of online spend is captured legally; the rest is unlawful. [British Columbia — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/british-columbia/) Medium Offering sweepstakes-style products to BC residents Sweepstakes treated as restricted. [🇨🇲 Cameroon](/jurisdictions/cameroon/) Medium No B2B supplier licence pathway Suppliers have no clear route to supply locally-licensed operators. [Canada — Kahnawake](/jurisdictions/kahnawake/) Medium A large number of CPA holders are offshore SRL/Ltd corporate vehicles, several operating many branded domains under a single holder. This structuring pattern raises beneficial-ownership and customer-due-diligence complexity for AML/CFT compliance and for counterparty risk assessment. [Connecticut — State](/jurisdictions/connecticut/) Medium Small population ~3.6M Caps addressable market and growth. [Connecticut — State](/jurisdictions/connecticut/) Medium MSIGA participation unverified Cross-state poker liquidity cannot be assumed. [Connecticut — State](/jurisdictions/connecticut/) Medium Crypto gambling has no approved pathway No DCP-approved crypto gambling route. [Connecticut — State](/jurisdictions/connecticut/) Medium Skill/chance line drawn against pick'em Skill-game framing rejected for pick'em formats. [🇨🇷 Costa Rica](/jurisdictions/costa-rica/) Medium Planning App Store / Play distribution No recognised licence — stores will not list CR-registered gambling apps. [🇭🇷 Croatia](/jurisdictions/croatia/) Medium Lottery is state monopoly Lottery products closed to private operators. [🇭🇷 Croatia](/jurisdictions/croatia/) Medium B2B pathway unclear Suppliers face uncertainty. [🇭🇷 Croatia](/jurisdictions/croatia/) Medium Offshore EU sites reach players Leakage to unlicensed channels. [Delaware — State](/jurisdictions/delaware/) Medium Neighbouring states (PA/MD) draw spend Cross-border competition erodes Delaware sales. [🇪🇬 Egypt](/jurisdictions/egypt/) Medium Operating digital platform without local legal representative Draft framework mandates accredited local legal representative for accountability. [🇫🇷 France](/jurisdictions/france/) Medium Ad-platform policy breach Google/Meta restrict to licensed entities. [Georgia (U.S. State)](/jurisdictions/georgia/) Medium Sweepstakes casinos operate without explicit statutory address Enforcement posture untested; AG opinion or prosecution could reclassify overnight [🇬🇭 Ghana](/jurisdictions/ghana/) Medium Mandatory ≥10% Ghanaian ownership Forces local JV structuring. [🇬🇭 Ghana](/jurisdictions/ghana/) Medium No B2B licence pathway Suppliers must route via licensed operators. [🇬🇭 Ghana](/jurisdictions/ghana/) Medium Lottery monopolised under NLA Lottery products reserved to state operator. [🇬🇭 Ghana](/jurisdictions/ghana/) Medium GIPC US$500k minimum foreign capital Additional foreign-investment capital floor. [🇬🇷 Greece](/jurisdictions/greece/) Medium OPAP incumbent dominance Strong domestic competitor. [🇬🇷 Greece](/jurisdictions/greece/) Medium OPAP VLT monopoly (25,000 cap) VLT channel closed to entrants. [Hawaii](/jurisdictions/hawaii/) Medium CFTC-registered event-contract platforms accepting Hawaii residents HB 2198 (2026) explicitly targets this activity as illegal gambling under state law notwithstanding federal CFTC registration. [🇭🇰 Hong Kong SAR](/jurisdictions/hong-kong/) Medium Running a commercial lottery/sweepstake Only narrow charitable/promotional lotteries licensed by OLA [🇭🇰 Hong Kong SAR](/jurisdictions/hong-kong/) Medium Paid fantasy sports targeting HK Likely caught by broad gambling definition; prohibited [🇭🇰 Hong Kong SAR](/jurisdictions/hong-kong/) Medium Using HK HQ for offshore gambling ops HQ legitimacy does not legalise gambling activity reaching HK residents [🇮🇸 Iceland](/jurisdictions/iceland/) Medium App stores restrict gambling apps for Iceland Distribution channels closed for unlicensed apps. [🇮🇸 Iceland](/jurisdictions/iceland/) Medium Google/Meta ad restrictions for Iceland gambling Paid acquisition channels blocked. [Idaho](/jurisdictions/idaho/) Medium The constitutional ban on electronic simulation of casino games creates uncertainty for sweepstakes/social casino operators. Operators face binary choice of blocking Idaho or operating in an unresolved grey zone with prosecutorial discretion risk. [Indiana — State](/jurisdictions/indiana/) Medium Offering esports/high-school/youth markets without IGC approval IGC bans these markets absent specific approval. [Indiana — State](/jurisdictions/indiana/) Medium Prediction-market products marketed as betting Contested legality; state regulators may treat as illegal gambling. [Indiana — State](/jurisdictions/indiana/) Medium Assuming state licence covers tribal-land operations Pokagon reservation operates under compact/IGRA, not state licence. [Indiana — State](/jurisdictions/indiana/) Medium Offering pick'em DFS without compliant licensing Pick'em/prediction DFS formats face evolving IGC scrutiny. [🇮🇩 Indonesia](/jurisdictions/indonesia/) Medium App store removals Apps unavailable on iOS/Google Play. [Iowa](/jurisdictions/iowa/) Medium No statutory pathway for online real-money casino or poker Operators cannot lawfully offer these verticals despite mature sports-wagering infrastructure. [🇵🇰 Islamic Republic of Pakistan](/jurisdictions/pakistan/) Medium Assuming a state-lottery carve-out exists Pakistan has no state lottery; no carve-out from prohibition. [🇵🇰 Islamic Republic of Pakistan](/jurisdictions/pakistan/) Medium Marketing a 'skill' product to evade the ban Skill/chance line is applied through enforcement practice; risk is high. [Kansas](/jurisdictions/kansas/) Medium Unresolved AG opinion dispute over Wyandotte Nation compact negotiation obligations Creates legal uncertainty around the scope and stability of the state's tribal-compact gaming footprint. [🇰🇿 Kazakhstan](/jurisdictions/kazakhstan/) Medium Offering bingo or sweepstakes online Prohibited products online. [🇰🇿 Kazakhstan](/jurisdictions/kazakhstan/) Medium Distributing unlicensed gambling apps App-level blocking infrastructure exists. [Kentucky](/jurisdictions/kentucky/) Medium Only licensed racetracks (reported as 9) may anchor sports wagering licenses, capping online skins at 27 statewide New entrants cannot obtain a standalone operator license; market access depends entirely on securing a racetrack partnership. [🇲🇹 Malta](/jurisdictions/malta/) Medium Fit-and-proper UBO/key-person vetting Application failure risk on probity grounds. [Maryland — State](/jurisdictions/maryland/) Medium Aggressive C&D enforcement; HB 295 ban pending Sweepstakes operators face exit pressure and possible statutory ban in 2027. [Maryland — State](/jurisdictions/maryland/) Medium Kalshi active legal challenge by MD regulators Regulatory uncertainty for prediction-market exposure. [Massachusetts — State](/jurisdictions/massachusetts/) Medium Wagering on MA collegiate teams outside tournaments Prohibited under MGC catalog rules. [Massachusetts — State](/jurisdictions/massachusetts/) Medium Wagering on Russian/Belarusian-governed events Not permitted in the Commonwealth. [Massachusetts — State](/jurisdictions/massachusetts/) Medium Operating dual-currency sweepstakes casinos Grey-zone status; future legislation may criminalise the model. [Michigan — State](/jurisdictions/michigan/) Medium Offering pick'em-style fantasy contests Pick'em contests restricted from 2023. [Michigan — State](/jurisdictions/michigan/) Medium Assuming MGCB authority over Indian-lands gaming Tribal Class III gaming on Indian lands is carved out; NIGC governs. [Michigan — State](/jurisdictions/michigan/) Medium Operating sweepstakes casino with real prizes Grey-zone; subject to evolving national regulatory pressure. [Missouri](/jurisdictions/missouri/) Medium Online casino gaming remains categorically unauthorised despite live sports-wagering market Operators expecting an iGaming-adjacent expansion pathway will face a multi-year legislative barrier, not a licensing one. [🇲🇲 Myanmar](/jurisdictions/myanmar/) Medium App store distribution to MM Apple/Google block gambling apps for MM. [Nebraska](/jurisdictions/nebraska/) Medium Accepting wagers on in-state collegiate teams Statute excludes in-state collegiate sporting events involving Nebraska teams from authorized wagering [🇳🇵 Nepal](/jurisdictions/nepal/) Medium App-store listing for Nepal Gambling apps unavailable; listings would breach policy and law. [New Brunswick (Canada)](/jurisdictions/new-brunswick/) Medium Treating NB independently of ALC four-province model Online supply is inter-provincial via ALC. [New Brunswick (Canada)](/jurisdictions/new-brunswick/) Medium Launching social/sweepstakes casino Grey-zone status; legal ambiguity. [New Brunswick (Canada)](/jurisdictions/new-brunswick/) Medium Daily fantasy sports operation Grey-zone; not separately authorised. [New Brunswick (Canada)](/jurisdictions/new-brunswick/) Medium Seeking new land-based casino concession Two incumbents; no open tender identified. [New Brunswick (Canada)](/jurisdictions/new-brunswick/) Medium App-store listing of non-ALC gambling app for NB Distribution effectively foreclosed. [New Brunswick (Canada)](/jurisdictions/new-brunswick/) Medium Overestimating addressable market Small population (~800k); no province-level GGR published. [🇺🇸 New York — State](/jurisdictions/new-york/) Medium Seneca compact escrow dispute history Revenue-reliability risk on tribal arrangements. [🇺🇸 New York — State](/jurisdictions/new-york/) Medium Tribal exclusivity zones in Western NY 8-county zone off-limits to commercial gaming. [🇺🇸 New York — State](/jurisdictions/new-york/) Medium Concentrated 9-operator market Top brands dominate; little room for share gain. [🇳🇿 New Zealand](/jurisdictions/new-zealand/) Medium Listing real-money casino apps for NZ users App-store distribution restricted pending licensing. [🇳🇬 Nigeria](/jurisdictions/nigeria/) Medium No geo-fencing on FSGRN URC operations FSGRN requires geo-fencing/geo-tracking SRC-NG-005 [🇵🇼 Palau](/jurisdictions/palau/) Medium No confirmed active concessionaire identified as of this research pass Market may currently have zero live operators despite an open statutory pathway [🇵🇦 Panama](/jurisdictions/panama/) Medium Inadequate director composition Advisory sources cite minimum three directors; fit-and-proper scrutiny applies. [🇵🇦 Panama](/jurisdictions/panama/) Medium Assuming open lottery access State lottery prominent; private lottery restricted. [🇵🇭 Philippines](/jurisdictions/philippines/) Medium Large illegal market ~12,000 illegal vs 77 licensed sites. [🇵🇭 Philippines](/jurisdictions/philippines/) Medium App-store reliance Gambling app distribution restricted. [🇶🇦 Qatar](/jurisdictions/qatar/) Medium Claims of a QFZA/Media City gaming licence product No T1/T2 evidence located this run of any such product; unverified claims should not be relied upon for market-entry advice. [Quebec — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/quebec/) Medium Crypto gambling prohibited No lawful crypto channel. [Quebec — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/quebec/) Medium Large offshore market share Regulated channel captures minority of play. [Quebec — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/quebec/) Medium Fantasy sports grey_zone Legal status of DFS is unsettled in Quebec. [Quebec — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/quebec/) Medium Operator is also regulator QOGC argues this undermines player protection governance. [🇰🇷 Republic of Korea (South Korea)](/jurisdictions/south-korea/) Medium Loot-box / speculative monetisation KFTC E-Commerce Act enforcement. [🇰🇷 Republic of Korea (South Korea)](/jurisdictions/south-korea/) Medium Fantasy sports for KR nationals Prohibited. [🇰🇷 Republic of Korea (South Korea)](/jurisdictions/south-korea/) Medium Esports betting for KR nationals Prohibited. [🇰🇷 Republic of Korea (South Korea)](/jurisdictions/south-korea/) Medium Sweepstakes model Risk of speculative-act classification. [Rhode Island — State](/jurisdictions/rhode-island/) Medium Online poker prohibited / no MSIGA No poker liquidity pathway. [Rhode Island — State](/jurisdictions/rhode-island/) Medium Crypto gambling no pathway No Lottery-approved crypto route. [Rhode Island — State](/jurisdictions/rhode-island/) Medium Lottery vendor approval required Suppliers cannot supply without Lottery approval. [Rhode Island — State](/jurisdictions/rhode-island/) Medium Only two bidders for second sports licence Weak operator appetite due to high take. [🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia](/jurisdictions/saudi-arabia/) Medium Submitting gambling apps to stores for the Saudi market App stores do not permit gambling apps targeting Saudi Arabia; CST enforces. [🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia](/jurisdictions/saudi-arabia/) Medium Prize-linked sweepstakes with chance element Prohibited if prize is linked to chance (maysir). [🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia](/jurisdictions/saudi-arabia/) Medium Paid fantasy-sports contests Prohibited — no carve-out for paid wagering contests. [🇷🇸 Serbia](/jurisdictions/serbia/) Medium Casino tournament without UIS consent Tournaments require prior regulator consent under 2024 changes. [🇷🇸 Serbia](/jurisdictions/serbia/) Medium Venue too close to schools Distance rules (100-200m) enforced under municipal audit. [🇸🇰 Slovakia](/jurisdictions/slovakia/) Medium Online casino vertical concentration Player migration disproportionately to online casino raises RG and tightening risk. [🇻🇳 Socialist Republic of Vietnam](/jurisdictions/vietnam/) Medium Offering esports betting to locals Prohibited — outside permitted betting scope (racing/intl football). [🇿🇦 South Africa](/jurisdictions/south-africa/) Medium App-store distribution of unlicensed product Platforms restrict gambling apps to licensed operators [🇿🇦 South Africa](/jurisdictions/south-africa/) Medium Entering lottery space Monopolised under National Lottery Commission [South Carolina](/jurisdictions/south-carolina/) Medium Assuming S.444 passage is imminent based on committee hearing alone Governor McMaster's veto threat and the two-thirds override requirement make near-term enactment uncertain [🇱🇰 Sri Lanka](/jurisdictions/sri-lanka/) Medium Employing under-21 in gambling operations Statutory offence. [🇱🇰 Sri Lanka](/jurisdictions/sri-lanka/) Medium Gambling from unregistered premises Premises must be registered with GRA; offence otherwise. [🇱🇰 Sri Lanka](/jurisdictions/sri-lanka/) Medium Treating skill/chance games as exempt Mixed chance-and-skill historically within gambling; broad GRA definition. [🇱🇰 Sri Lanka](/jurisdictions/sri-lanka/) Medium Engaging unlicensed junket operators Licensees must ensure junket compliance and report breaches. [🇹🇿 Tanzania](/jurisdictions/tanzania/) Medium Crypto gambling prohibited No crypto-funded pathway. [🇹🇭 Thailand](/jurisdictions/thailand/) Medium Online amendment not enacted Draft authorising online gambling stalled; no legal channel exists. [🇹🇭 Thailand](/jurisdictions/thailand/) Medium Physical dens raided Periodic police raids, esp. around major sporting events. [🇹🇭 Thailand](/jurisdictions/thailand/) Medium Thai-registered company requirement (proposed) Foreign operators cannot hold EC licence directly. [🇹🇭 Thailand](/jurisdictions/thailand/) Medium EC bill prohibits remote/proxy/live-stream participation Even under legalisation, online channel is excluded. [🇹🇭 Thailand](/jurisdictions/thailand/) Medium Skill/promotional games can be penalised Grey-zone products risk being deemed gambling. [🇹🇹 Trinidad and Tobago](/jurisdictions/trinidad-and-tobago/) Medium Pursuing market entry without accounting for TT's upcoming FATF Fifth Round on-site Mutual Evaluation (March 2026) Enhanced AML/CFT scrutiny around the evaluation window may tighten enforcement posture and documentation requirements for gambling-sector FIUTT registrants. [🇹🇳 Tunisia](/jurisdictions/tunisia/) Medium Casino access barred to nationals Land-based addressable base limited to tourists [🇹🇳 Tunisia](/jurisdictions/tunisia/) Medium Poker prohibited (no carve-out) No legal poker route online or land-based [🇹🇳 Tunisia](/jurisdictions/tunisia/) Medium App stores restrict gambling apps for TN No compliant mobile distribution [🇹🇳 Tunisia](/jurisdictions/tunisia/) Medium Promosport civil litigation against offshore operators Active private-enforcement risk in addition to state action [🇹🇳 Tunisia](/jurisdictions/tunisia/) Medium Crypto-gambling prohibited No crypto wagering route [🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates — federal jurisdiction (GCGRA framework)](/jurisdictions/united-arab-emirates/) Medium Offering online poker Poker status under Internet Gaming licence unverified — do not assume permitted. [🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates — federal jurisdiction (GCGRA framework)](/jurisdictions/united-arab-emirates/) Medium Assuming land-based opportunity beyond Wynn Only Wynn Al Marjan Island holds a land-based licence; 2027 opening. [🇬🇧 United Kingdom](/jurisdictions/united-kingdom/) Medium Failure to identify group accounts WHG fined £82,687 August 2025. SRC-GB-009 [🇺🇸 United States (Federal Layer)](/jurisdictions/united-states/) Medium App-store submission without state gating Apple/Google gate real-money gambling to licensed states. SRC-US-009 [🇻🇺 Vanuatu](/jurisdictions/vanuatu/) Medium Third-party sites attribute Cap 261 licensing to the Vanuatu Financial Services Commission (VFSC) rather than DCIR. Operators or counterparties relying on VFSC attribution may approach the wrong authority or misjudge the regulator's supervisory posture. [🇻🇪 Venezuela](/jurisdictions/venezuela/) Medium No B2B supplier licensing pathway Suppliers cannot obtain authorisation; supply is unregulated. [Vermont](/jurisdictions/vermont/) Medium College player prop bets banned Product/market catalog must be actively filtered per DLL rule to avoid conditions/sanctions [Virginia — State](/jurisdictions/virginia/) Medium Operating sweepstakes casino Grey-zone; 2026 bills targeted bans; regional tightening. [Virginia — State](/jurisdictions/virginia/) Medium Crypto gambling offering No Lottery-approved pathway. [Virginia — State](/jurisdictions/virginia/) Medium Wagering on unapproved leagues/events Lottery directive limits approved leagues/events. [Virginia — State](/jurisdictions/virginia/) Medium No parent guarantee for subsidiary Parent must guarantee first-year performance. [Washington (State)](/jurisdictions/washington/) Medium Offering paid daily fantasy sports contests to WA residents WSGC treats DFS as illegal gambling under the 1973 Gambling Act. [Washington (State)](/jurisdictions/washington/) Medium Assuming a defined B2B licence pathway exists analogous to other US states No confirmed B2B licence class was located; vendor relationships run through tribal gaming agencies instead. [Washington, D.C.](/jurisdictions/district-of-columbia/) Medium Unregulated dual-currency sweepstakes casinos operating pending a proposed ban Creates consumer-protection and competitive-parity risk for licensed operators pending B26-0656. [West Virginia — State](/jurisdictions/west-virginia/) Medium ~10 licensed operators in capped market Near-saturation reduces new-entrant white space. [🇿🇲 Zambia](/jurisdictions/zambia/) Medium No clear B2B supplier licence class Suppliers depend on operator-level platform review; no standalone pathway. [🇦🇹 Austria](/jurisdictions/austria/) Low Monopolist holds only ~30% of actual play Indicates weak legal-channel attractiveness. [🇧🇷 Brazil](/jurisdictions/brazil/) Low Mandatory .bet.br domain Brand/domain migration required. [🇧🇬 Bulgaria](/jurisdictions/bulgaria/) Low Underestimating incumbent strength Efbet/Winbet/Palmsbet dominate a concentrated market. [🇨🇲 Cameroon](/jurisdictions/cameroon/) Low Regulator-identity ambiguity (MINATD vs Minister in charge of gaming) Source conflict on which ministry holds authority complicates engagement. [Canada — Ontario](/jurisdictions/ontario/) Low Underestimating competition 49 operators / 84 sites — highly competitive acquisition environment. [Canada — Ontario](/jurisdictions/ontario/) Low Cross-border poker liquidity Ontario poker liquidity ring-fenced to province — no shared pools. [Connecticut — State](/jurisdictions/connecticut/) Low Highly concentrated three-operator market Limited promotional intensity and no new competition. [Connecticut — State](/jurisdictions/connecticut/) Low Lottery monopoly Online lottery reserved to CLC. [Connecticut — State](/jurisdictions/connecticut/) Low High-school event betting prohibited Statutory bar on high-school wagering. [Connecticut — State](/jurisdictions/connecticut/) Low CLC sports operator turnover Fanatics replaced PlaySugarHouse in Dec 2023 — contractual instability of the CLC slot. [Delaware — State](/jurisdictions/delaware/) Low Crypto gambling prohibited No Lottery-approved crypto pathway. [Delaware — State](/jurisdictions/delaware/) Low DFS/sweepstakes in grey zone No specific authorisation; status could change. [Delaware — State](/jurisdictions/delaware/) Low First-proceeds priority transfer $3.75M first-proceeds transfer precedes revenue split. [🇪🇨 Ecuador](/jurisdictions/ecuador/) Low App stores do not list RM gambling apps Distribution relies on APK sideloading. [🇪🇪 Estonia](/jurisdictions/estonia/) Low Lottery reserved to state company Lottery market is closed to private entrants. [🇬🇭 Ghana](/jurisdictions/ghana/) Low Resident director requirement Local-presence governance obligation. [Guernsey — Alderney](/jurisdictions/alderney/) Low AGCC leadership transition announced on the homepage Supervisory posture/enforcement priorities may shift with new Commissioner composition. [🇮🇸 Iceland](/jurisdictions/iceland/) Low Operator-naming taxonomy inconsistent across sources Due-diligence risk in identifying the correct counterparties. [Indiana — State](/jurisdictions/indiana/) Low Underestimating regional cross-border competition Ohio, Michigan, Illinois compete for Indiana-corridor bettors. [🇱🇹 Lithuania](/jurisdictions/lithuania/) Low Google/Meta require licence certificate Platform-level gating of ads. [🇱🇹 Lithuania](/jurisdictions/lithuania/) Low Online channel ~74% and growing fast Land-based displacement; concentration risk. [🇲🇹 Malta](/jurisdictions/malta/) Low National Lottery single-concession monopoly Lottery vertical closed to new entrants. [Maryland — State](/jurisdictions/maryland/) Low Mandatory diversity plan for licensees Failure to meet diversity standards risks corrective action. [Maryland — State](/jurisdictions/maryland/) Low Neighbouring states (PA, NJ, WV, DE) have iGaming Cross-border leakage and competitive disadvantage. [Maryland — State](/jurisdictions/maryland/) Low No iLottery — Maryland Lottery traditional only No online lottery channel pathway. [Nevada — State](/jurisdictions/nevada/) Low Assuming national operator brand recognition FanDuel/DraftKings/Fanatics/ESPN Bet skip NV; local apps dominate. [Nevada — State](/jurisdictions/nevada/) Low Assuming online tribal gaming exists Tribal role is minimal; no major online tribal gaming. [New Brunswick (Canada)](/jurisdictions/new-brunswick/) Low Treating pari-mutuel as provincially licensable Federal CPMA jurisdiction. [New Brunswick (Canada)](/jurisdictions/new-brunswick/) Low Misidentifying the regulator NBLGC conducts-and-manages; Gaming Control Branch regulates — distinct roles. [Quebec — Canada (province)](/jurisdictions/quebec/) Low Sweepstakes restricted Sweepstakes-model entry is constrained. [Rhode Island — State](/jurisdictions/rhode-island/) Low DFS status unverified Regulatory ambiguity for fantasy operators. [Rhode Island — State](/jurisdictions/rhode-island/) Low Sweepstakes grey zone No specific RI prohibition but uncertain status. [🇷🇼 Rwanda](/jurisdictions/rwanda/) Low National lottery monopoly Lottery product reserved; not open to private competitive entry. [🇷🇼 Rwanda](/jurisdictions/rwanda/) Low 30+ registered operators, fragmented Crowded small market intensifies competition for limited GGR. [🇱🇰 Sri Lanka](/jurisdictions/sri-lanka/) Low Regulator autonomy questions Concerns over GRA independence may affect predictability. [🇹🇿 Tanzania](/jurisdictions/tanzania/) Low Sweepstakes prohibited No no-prize/sweepstakes model. [🇹🇿 Tanzania](/jurisdictions/tanzania/) Low Concentrated licensed market Incumbent brand strength. [🇹🇿 Tanzania](/jurisdictions/tanzania/) Low Fantasy sports not yet regulated Status ambiguity for DFS entrants. [🇹🇭 Thailand](/jurisdictions/thailand/) Low Regional IR competition (KH/VN/PH/SG) Thai liberalisation faces first-mover-disadvantage in SEA. [🇹🇭 Thailand](/jurisdictions/thailand/) Low Major operators publicly cautious Hard Rock 'zero interest' citing instability signals investor caution. [🇹🇳 Tunisia](/jurisdictions/tunisia/) Low Bingo not addressed in statute Treated as illegal by default [🇹🇳 Tunisia](/jurisdictions/tunisia/) Low Fantasy/esports betting prohibited by default Emerging verticals foreclosed [🇺🇬 Uganda](/jurisdictions/uganda/) Low Google Play restricts gambling apps Distribution friction; sideloading dependence. [Vermont](/jurisdictions/vermont/) Low Only 3 of 6 statutory licence slots filled since 2023 with no active RFP Signals limited near-term entry opportunity for new operators despite statutory headroom [🇿🇲 Zambia](/jurisdictions/zambia/) Low Google Ads require local licence Acquisition channel constrained for new entrants. [🇿🇲 Zambia](/jurisdictions/zambia/) Low Sweepstakes prohibited No-prize/sweepstakes models not viable as a workaround.